Only Paris
Worthy Of Rome
Only Rome
Worthy Of Paris
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Wesford Graduate Business School
The Hôtel-Dieu de Paris
oldest hospital
city In 2017 Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport was
second-busiest airport
Europe
tenth-busiest airport
worldParis
major international air transport hub with
5th busiest airport system
world
city
served
three commercial international airports
Paris-Charles de Gaulle
Paris-Orly
Beauvais-Tillé
Together these three airports recorded traffic of 96.5 million passengers
2014
There
also one general aviation airport
Paris-Le Bourget
historically
oldest Parisian airport
closest
city centre
which
now used only
private business flights
air showsOrly Airport
located
southern suburbs of Paris
replaced Le Bourget
principal airport of Paris from
1950s
1980s
Charles de Gaulle Airport
located
edge of
northern suburbs of Paris
opened
commercial traffic
1974
became
busiest Parisian airport
1993 year 2017
was
5th busiest airport
world
international traffic
hub
nation's flag carrier Air France
Beauvais-Tillé Airport
located 69 kilometres (43 miles) north of Paris's city centre
used
charter airlines
low-cost carriers such
RyanairDomestically
air travel between Paris
some of France's largest cities such
Lyon
Marseille
or Strasbourg has been
large measure replaced
high-speed rail due
opening of several high-speed TGV rail lines from
1980s
example
after
LGV Méditerranée opened
2001
air traffic between Paris
Marseille declined from 2,976,793 passengers
2000
1,502,196 passengers
2014
After
LGV Est opened
2007
air traffic between Paris
Strasbourg declined from 1,006,327 passengers
2006
157,207 passengers
2014Internationally
air traffic has increased markedly
recent years between Paris
Gulf airports
emerging nations of Africa
Russia
Turkey
Portugal
Italy
mainland China
whereas noticeable decline has been recorded between Paris
British Isles
Egypt
Tunisia
JapanMotorways. The city boasts
wide variety of sports facilities
teams
most popular team
city's football club
Olympique de Marseille
which was
finalist of
UEFA Champions League
1991
before winning
competition
1993
club also became finalists of
UEFA Europa League
1999
2004
2018
club had
history of success under then-owner Bernard Tapie
club's home
Stade Vélodrome
which can seat around 67,000 people
also functions
other local sports
well
national rugby team
Stade Velodrome hosted
number of games during
1998 FIFA World Cup
2007 Rugby World Cup
UEFA Euro 2016
local rugby teams
Marseille XIII
Marseille Vitrolles Rugby.[citation needed] Marseille
famous
its important pétanque activity
even renowned
pétanque capitale2012 Marseille hosted
Pétanque World Championship
city hosts every year
Mondial la Marseillaise de pétanque
main pétanque competitionMatch Race France 2008; Since 9 April 1956
Paris
exclusively
reciprocally twinned only with, A Palme d'Or from
Cannes Film Festival
one of
Big Three film festivals alongside
Venice Film Festival
Berlin International Film FestivalFrance has historical
strong links with cinema
with two Frenchmen
Auguste
Louis Lumière (known
Lumière Brothers) having created cinema
1895
Several important cinematic movements
including
late 1950s
1960s Nouvelle Vague
began
country
noted
having
strong film industry
due
part
protections afforded
French government
France remains
leader
filmmaking
of 2015 producing more films than any other European countrynation also hosts
Cannes Festival
one of
most important
famous film festivals
worldApart from its strong
innovative film tradition
France has also been
gathering spot
artists from across Europe
world
this reason
French cinema
sometimes intertwined with
cinema of foreign nations
Directors from nations such
Poland (Roman Polanski
Krzysztof Kieślowski
Andrzej Żuławski)
Argentina (Gaspar Noé
Edgardo Cozarinsky)
Russia (Alexandre Alexeieff
Anatole Litvak)
Austria (Michael Haneke)
Georgia (Géla Babluani
Otar Iosseliani)
prominent
ranks of French cinema
Conversely
French directors have had prolific
influential careers
other countries
such
Luc Besson
Jacques Tourneur
or Francis Veber
United StatesAlthough
French film market
dominated
Hollywood
France
only nation
world where American films make up
smallest share of total film revenues
50%
compared with 77%
Germany
69%
Japan
French films account
35% of
total film revenues of France
which
highest percentage of national film revenues
developed world outside
United States
compared
14%
Spain
8%
UK
France
2013
2nd exporter of films
world after
United StatesUntil recently
France had
centuries been
cultural center of
world, although its dominant position has been surpassed
United States
Subsequently
France takes steps
protecting
promoting its culture
becoming
leading advocate of
cultural exceptionnation succeeded
convincing all EU members
refuse
include culture
audiovisuals
list of liberalised sectors of
WTO
1993
Moreover
this decision was confirmed
voting
UNESCO
2005
principle of cultural exception won
overwhelming victory
198 countries voted
it
only 2 countries
U.S
Israel
voted against itFashion, Antiquity In addition Marseille has three grandes écoles. Hauts-de- Mont Blanc
highest summit
Western Europe
marks
border with ItalyThe vast majority of France's territory
population
situated
Western Europe
called Metropolitan France
distinguish
from
country's various overseas polities
bordered
North Sea
north
English Channel
northwest
Atlantic Ocean
west
Mediterranean sea
southeast
land borders consist of Belgium
Luxembourg
northeast
Germany
Switzerland
east
Italy
Monaco
southeast
Andorra
Spain
south
southwest
With
exception of
northeast
most of France's land borders
roughly delineated
natural boundaries
geographic features
south
southeast
Pyrenees
Alps
Jura
respectively
east
Rhine river
Due
its shape
France
often referred
l'Hexagone (The Hexagon)
Metropolitan France includes various coastal islands
of which
largest
Corsica
Metropolitan France
situated mostly between latitudes 41°
51° N
longitudes 6° W
10° E
western edge of Europe
thus lies within
northern temperate zone
Its continental part covers about 1000 km from north
south
from east
westFrance has several overseas regions across
world
which
organised along different, The basic principles that
French Republic must respect
found
1789 Declaration of
Rights of Man
of
CitizenFrench law
divided into two principal areas
private law
public law
Private law includes
particular
civil law
criminal law
Public law includes
particular
administrative law
constitutional law
However
practical terms
French law comprises three principal areas of law
civil law
criminal law
administrative law
Criminal laws can only address
future
not
past (criminal ex post facto laws
prohibited)
While administrative law
often
subcategory of civil law
many countries
completely separated
France
each body of law
headed
specific supreme court
ordinary courts (which handle criminal
civil litigation)
headed
Court of Cassation
administrative courts
headed
Council of StateTo be applicable
every law must be officially published
Journal officiel de la République françaiseFrance does not recognise religious law
motivation
enactment of prohibitions
France has long had neither blasphemy laws nor sodomy laws (the latter being abolished
1791)
However
offences against public decency (contraires aux bonnes mœurs) or disturbing public order (trouble à l'ordre public) have been used
repress public expressions of homosexuality or street prostitution
Since 1999
civil unions
homosexual couples
permitted
since May 2013
same-sex marriage
LGBT adoption
legal
France
Laws prohibiting discriminatory speech
press
old
1881
Some consider however that hate speech laws
France
too broad or severe
damage freedom of speech
France has laws against racism
antisemitism
Since 1990
Gayssot Act prohibits Holocaust denialFreedom of religion
constitutionally guaranteed
1789 Declaration of
Rights of Man
of
Citizen
1905 French law
Separation of
Churches
State
basis
laïcité (state secularism)
state does not formally recognize any religion
except
Alsace-Moselle
Nonetheless
does recognize religious associations
Parliament has listed many religious movements
dangerous cults since 1995
has banned wearing conspicuous religious symbols
schools since 2004
2010
banned
wearing of face-covering Islamic veils
public
human rights groups such
Amnesty International
Human Rights Watch described
law
discriminatory towards Muslims
However
supported
most of
populationForeign relations.
Université Jean Moulin (Lyon 3)
École des Beaux-Arts
Paris's most popular sport clubs
association football club Paris Saint-Germain F.C
rugby union clubs Stade Français
Racing 92
last of which
based just outside
city proper
80,000-seat Stade de France
built
1998 FIFA World Cup
located just north of Paris
commune of Saint-Denis used
football
rugby union
track
field athletics
hosts
French national football team
friendlies
major tournaments qualifiers
annually hosts
French national rugby team's home matches of
Six Nations Championship
hosts several important matches of
Stade Français rugby teamaddition
Paris Saint-Germain FC
city has
number of other professional
amateur football clubs
Paris FC
Red Star
RCF Paris
Stade Français Paris2010 Tour de France
Champs Élysées. Lyon has
humid subtropical climate (Cfa)
albeit having some characteristics of
oceanic climate (Cfb)
mean temperature
Lyon
coldest month
3.2 °C (37.8 °F)
January
warmest month
July
22 °C (71.6 °F)
hence maintaining its subtropical classification
Precipitation
adequate year-round
average of 830 mm (32.7 in)
but
winter months
driest
highest recorded temperature
40.5 °C (104.9 °F)
13 August 2003 while
lowest recorded temperature
−24.6 °C (−12.3 °F)
22 December 1938Administration. See also
List of railway stations
Paris, In
Antarctic
Adélie LandFrance has land borders with Brazil
Suriname via French Guiana
with
Kingdom of
Netherlands through
French portion of Saint MartinMetropolitan France covers 551,500 square kilometres (212,935 sq mi),
largest among European Union members
France's total land area
with its overseas departments
territories (excluding Adélie Land)
643,801 km2 (248,573 sq mi)
0.45% of
total land area
Earth
France possesses
wide variety of landscapes
from coastal plains
north
west
mountain ranges of
Alps
southeast
Massif Central
south central
Pyrenees
southwestDue
its numerous overseas departments
territories scattered across
planet
France possesses
second-largest Exclusive economic zone (EEZ)
world
covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 mi2)
just behind
EEZ of
United States (11,351,000 km2 or 4,383,000 mi2)
but ahead of
EEZ of Australia (8,148,250 km2 / 4,111,312 mi2)
Its EEZ covers approximately 8% of
total surface of all
EEZs of
worldGeology
topography
hydrography, Palais des congrès de Lyon (1998)
designed
Renzo Piano
group of buildings
various functions. La Vieille Charité la LoireBrittany Université Lumière (Lyon 2)
Main article
Politics of France. Marseille has been
setting
many films
mostly produced
France or Hollywood
Taxi 4 was filmed
Marseille (2007) French literary figures
Clockwise from top left
Molière
most played author
Comédie-Française
Victor Hugo
one of
most important French novelists
poets
19th-century poet
writer
translator Charles Baudelaire
20th-century philosopher
novelist Jean-Paul SartreJean Racine
whose incredible mastery of
alexandrine
of
French language has been praised
centuries
created plays such
Phèdre or Britannicus
He is
along with Pierre Corneille (Le Cid)
Molière
considered
one of
three great dramatists of
France's golden age
Molière
who
deemed
be one of
greatest masters of comedy of
Western literature, wrote dozens of plays
including Le Misanthrope
L'Avare
Le Malade imaginaire
Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme
His plays have been so popular around
world that French language
sometimes dubbed
the language of Molière (la langue de Molière), just like English
considered
the language of ShakespeareFrench literature
poetry flourished even more
18th
19th centuries
Denis Diderot's best-known works
Jacques
Fatalist
Rameau's Nephew
He
however best known
being
main redactor of
Encyclopédie
whose aim was
sum up all
knowledge of his century (in fields such
arts
sciences
languages
philosophy)
present them
people
order
fight ignorance
obscurantism
During that same century
Charles Perrault was
prolific writer of famous children's fairy tales including Puss
Boots
Cinderella
Sleeping Beauty
Bluebeard
start of
19th century
symbolist poetry was
important movement
French literature
with poets such
Charles Baudelaire
Paul Verlaine
Stéphane MallarméThe 19th century saw
writings of many renowned French authors
Victor Hugo
sometimes seen
the greatest French writer of all times
excelling
all literary genres
preface of his play Cromwell
considered
be
manifesto of
Romantic movement
Les Contemplations
La Légende des siècles
considered
poetic masterpieces, Hugo's verse having been compared
that of Shakespeare
Dante
Homer
His novel Les Misérables
widely seen
one of
greatest novel ever written
Hunchback of Notre Dame has remained immensely popularOther major authors of that century include Alexandre Dumas (The Three Musketeers
Count of Monte-Cristo)
Jules Verne (Twenty Thousand Leagues Under
Sea)
Émile Zola (Les Rougon-Macquart)
Honoré de Balzac (La Comédie humaine)
Guy de Maupassant
Théophile Gautier
Stendhal (The Red
Black
Charterhouse of Parma)
whose works
among
most well known
France
world
Prix Goncourt
French literary prize first awarded
1903
Important writers of
20th century include Marcel Proust
Louis-Ferdinand Céline
Albert Camus
Jean-Paul Sartre
Antoine de Saint Exupéry wrote Little Prince
which has remained popular
decades with children
adults around
worldof 2014
French authors had more Literature Nobel Prizes than those of any other nationfirst Nobel Prize
Literature was
French author
while France's latest Nobel prize
literature
Patrick Modiano
who was awarded
prize
2014
Jean-Paul Sartre was also
first nominee
committee's history
refuse
prize
1964Philosophy. Solo Parigi è degna di Roma
solo Roma è degna di Parigi
(in Italian), City Hall towering over
Place des Terreaux 9th arrondissement
Vaise
Duchère
Rochecardon
St-Rambert-l'Île-Barbe
Gorge de Loup
Observance
Champvert (north).
Kaplan College