Only Paris
Worthy Of Rome
Only Rome
Worthy Of Paris
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Claude Monet founded
Impressionist movement (Femme avec un parasol
1886
Musée d'Orsay)The 17th century was
period when French painting became prominent
individualised itself through classicism
Louis XIV's prime minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert founded
1648
Royal Academy of Painting
Sculpture
protect these artists
1666 he created
still-active French Academy
Rome
have direct relations with Italian artistsFrench artists developed
rococo style
18th century
more intimate imitation of old baroque style
works of
court-endorsed artists Antoine Watteau
François Boucher
Jean-Honoré Fragonard being
most representative
country
French Revolution brought great changes
Napoleon favoured artists of neoclassic style such
Jacques-Louis David
highly influential Académie des Beaux-Arts defined
style known
Academism
this time France had become
centre of artistic creation
first half of
19th century being dominated
two successive movements
first Romanticism with Théodore Géricault
Eugène Delacroix
Realism with Camille Corot
Gustave Courbet
Jean-François Millet
style that eventually evolved into NaturalismThe Thinker bronze statue from 1902 from
Musée Rodin
Paris. Urbanism
architecture Marseille's main cultural attraction was
since its creation
end of
18th century
until
late 1970s
Opéra
Located near
Old Port
Canebière
very heart of
city
its architectural style was comparable
classical trend found
other opera houses built
same time
Lyon
Bordeaux
1919
fire almost completely destroyed
house
leaving only
stone colonnade
peristyle from
original façadeclassical façade was restored
opera house reconstructed
predominantly Art Deco style
result of
major competition
Currently
Opéra de Marseille stages six or seven operas each yearSince 1972
Ballet national de Marseille has performed
opera house
its director from its foundation
1998 was Roland PetitPopular events
festivals! With more than 10 millions tourists
year
French Riviera (French
Côte d'Azur)
Southeast France
second leading tourist destination
country
after
Paris regionbenefits from 300 days of sunshine per year
115 kilometres (71 mi) of coastline
beaches
18 golf courses
14 ski resorts
3,000 restaurants31 Each year
Côte d'Azur hosts 50% of
world's superyacht fleet66! France has been
centre of Western cultural development
centuries
Many French artists have been among
most renowned of their time
France
still recognised
world
its rich cultural traditionThe successive political regimes have always promoted artistic creation
creation of
Ministry of Culture
1959 helped preserve
cultural heritage of
country
make
available
public
Ministry of Culture has been very active since its creation
granting subsidies
artists
promoting French culture
world
supporting festivals
cultural events
protecting historical monuments
French government also succeeded
maintaining
cultural exception
defend audiovisual products made
countryFrance receives
highest number of tourists per year
largely thanks
numerous cultural establishments
historical buildings implanted all over
territory
counts 1,200 museums welcoming more than 50 million people annuallymost important cultural sites
run
government
instance through
public agency Centre des monuments nationaux
which
responsible
approximately 85 national historical monumentsThe 43,180 buildings protected
historical monuments include mainly residences (many castles)
religious buildings (cathedrals
basilicas
churches)
but also statutes
memorials
gardens
UNESCO inscribed 41 sites
France
World Heritage ListArt. Main article
Demographics of Paris Main articles
List of parks
gardens
Paris
History of Parks
Gardens of Paris, Main article
Transport
Paris The city
also
most important hub of France's motorway network
surrounded
three orbital freeways
Périphérique, which follows
approximate path of 19th-century fortifications around Paris
A86 motorway
inner suburbs
finally
Francilienne motorway
outer suburbs
Paris has
extensive road network with over 2,000 km (1,243 mi) of highways
motorwaysWaterways; IDRAC (International School of Management).
After
Revolution
Republicans favoured Neoclassicism although neoclassicism was introduced
France prior
revolution with such building
Parisian Pantheon or
Capitole de Toulouse
Built during
first French Empire
Arc de Triomphe
Sainte Marie-Madeleine represent
best example of Empire style architectureUnder Napoleon III
new wave of urbanism
architecture was given birth
extravagant buildings such
neo-baroque Palais Garnier were built
urban planning of
time was very organised
rigorous
example
Haussmann's renovation of Paris
architecture associated
this era
named Second Empire
English
term being taken from
Second French Empire
this time there was
strong Gothic resurgence across Europe
France
associated architect was Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
late 19th century
Gustave Eiffel designed many bridges
such
Garabit viaduct
remains one of
most influential bridge designers of his time
although he
best remembered
iconic Eiffel TowerIn
20th century
French-Swiss architect Le Corbusier designed several buildings
France
More recently
French architects have combined both modern
old architectural styles
Louvre Pyramid
example of modern architecture added
older building
most difficult buildings
integrate within French cities
skyscrapers
they
visible from afar
instance
Paris
since 1977
new buildings had
be under 37 meters (121 feet)
France's largest financial district
La Defense
where
significant number of skyscrapers
located
Other massive buildings that
challenge
integrate into their environment
large bridges
example of
way this has been done
Millau Viaduct
Some famous modern French architects include Jean Nouvel
Dominique Perrault
Christian de Portzamparc or Paul AndreuLiterature, France
highly urbanized country
with its largest cities (in terms of metropolitan area population
2013) being Paris (12,405,426 inh.)
Lyon (2,237,676)
Marseille (1,734,277)
Toulouse (1,291,517)
Bordeaux (1,178,335)
Lille (1,175,828)
Nice (1,004,826)
Nantes (908,815)
Strasbourg (773,447)
Rennes (700,675)
(Note
There
significant differences between
metropolitan population figures just cited
those
following table
which only include
core population)
Rural flight was
perennial political issue throughout most of
20th centuryFunctional urban areas, Tour métallique de Fourvière (1894)
Jean Moulin University. Francophone minorities, EM Lyon (École de Management de Lyon), France
highly urbanized country
with its largest cities (in terms of metropolitan area population
2013) being Paris (12,405,426 inh.)
Lyon (2,237,676)
Marseille (1,734,277)
Toulouse (1,291,517)
Bordeaux (1,178,335)
Lille (1,175,828)
Nice (1,004,826)
Nantes (908,815)
Strasbourg (773,447)
Rennes (700,675)
(Note
There
significant differences between
metropolitan population figures just cited
those
following table
which only include
core population)
Rural flight was
perennial political issue throughout most of
20th centuryFunctional urban areas. Ambox current red.svg Median income
Paris
its nearest departments, Urbanism
architecture Temple du Change (17th
18th century)
former stock exchange of Lyon
Protestant temple since
18th century.
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