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According Article 2 Of Constitution Official Language Of France French, Romance Language Derived From Latin Since 1635 Académie Française Has Been France's Official Authority French Language Although Its Recommendations Carry No Legal Weight There Also Regional Languages Spoken France Such Occitan Breton Catalan Flemish (Dutch Dialect) Alsatian (German Dialect) Basque Others (see Languages Of France) Italian Was Official Language Of Corsica Until May 9 1859The French Government Does Not Regulate Choice Of Language Publications Individuals But Use Of French Required Law Commercial Workplace Communications Addition Mandating Use Of French Territory Of Republic French Government Tries Promote French European Union Globally Through Institutions Such La Francophonie Perceived Threat From Anglicisation Has Prompted Efforts Safeguard Position Of French Language France Besides French There Exist 77 Vernacular Minority Languages Of France Eight Spoken French Metropolitan Territory 69 French Overseas TerritoriesFrom 17th Mid-20th Century French Served Pre-eminent International Language Of Diplomacy International Affairs Well Lingua Franca Among Educated Classes Of Europedominant Position Of French Language International Affairs Was Overtaken English Since Emergence Of US Major PowerFor Most Of Time Which French Served International Lingua Franca Was Not Native Language Of Most Frenchmen Report 1794 Conducted Henri Grégoire Found That Of Country's 25 Million People Only Three Million Spoke French Natively Rest Spoke One Of Country's Many Regional Languages Such Alsatian Breton Or Occitan Through Expansion Of Public Education Which French Was Sole Language Of Instruction Well Other Factors Such Increased Urbanisation Rise Of Mass Communication French Gradually Came Be Adopted Virtually Entire Population Process Not Completed Until 20th CenturyAs Result Of France's Extensive Colonial Ambitions Between 17th 20th Centuries French Was Introduced Americas Africa Polynesia South-East Asia Caribbean French Second Most Studied Foreign Language World After English, Lingua Franca Some Regions Notably Africa Legacy Of French Living Language Outside Europe Mixed Nearly Extinct Some Former French Colonies (The Levant South Southeast Asia) While Creoles Pidgins Based French Have Emerged French Departments West Indies South Pacific (French Polynesia) Other Hand Many Former French Colonies Have Adopted French Official Language Total Number Of French Speakers Increasing Especially AfricaIt Estimated That Between 300 Million 500 Million People Worldwide Can Speak French Either Mother Tongue Or Second LanguageAccording 2007 Adult Education Survey Part Of Project European Union Carried France Insee Based Sample Of 15,350 Persons French Was First Mother Tongue Of 87.2% Of Total Population Or Roughly 55.81 Million People Followed Arabic (3.6% 2.30 Million) Portuguese (1.5% 0.96 Million) Spanish (1.2% 0.77 Million) Italian (1.0% 0.64 Million) People Who Had Other Languages Their Mother Tongue Made Up 5.2% Of PopulationReligion
Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon fine arts museum housed former convent of 17th century including Baroque chapelle Saint-Pierre. France highly urbanized country with its largest cities (in terms of metropolitan area population 2013) being Paris (12,405,426 inh.) Lyon (2,237,676) Marseille (1,734,277) Toulouse (1,291,517) Bordeaux (1,178,335) Lille (1,175,828) Nice (1,004,826) Nantes (908,815) Strasbourg (773,447) Rennes (700,675) (Note There significant differences between metropolitan population figures just cited those following table which only include core population) Rural flight was perennial political issue throughout most of 20th centuryFunctional urban areas, Rhône-AlpesOccitanie masthead of Le Figaro newspaper, The movie industry was born Paris when Auguste Louis Lumière projected first motion picture paying audience Grand Café 28 December 1895 Many of Paris's concert/dance halls were transformed into cinemas when media became popular beginning 1930s Later most of largest cinemas were divided into multiple smaller rooms Paris's largest cinema room today Grand Rex theatre with 2,700 seatsBig multiplex cinemas have been built since 1990s UGC Ciné Cité Les Halles with 27 screens MK2 Bibliothèque with 20 screens UGC Ciné Cité Bercy with 18 screens among largestParisians tend share same movie-going trends many of world's global cities with cinemas primarily dominated Hollywood-generated film entertainment French cinema comes close second with major directors (réalisateurs) such Claude Lelouch Jean-Luc Godard Luc Besson more slapstick/popular genre with director Claude Zidi example European Asian films also widely shown appreciated2 February 2000 Philippe Binant realised first digital cinema projection Europe with DLP CINEMA technology developed Texas Instruments ParisRestaurants cuisine. Polytech Lyon located Villeurbanne Marseille also well known France its hip hop music Bands like IAM originated from Marseille initiated rap phenomenon France Other known groups include Fonky Family Psy 4 de la Rime (including rappers Soprano Alonzo) Keny Arkana slightly different way ragga music represented Massilia Sound SystemFood. Lyon–Saint Exupéry Airport located east of Lyon serves base domestic international flights key transport facility entire Rhône-Alpes region with coach links other cities area in-house train station Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry connects airport nationwide TGV network Rhônexpress tram monopoly links airport with business quarter of La Part Dieu less than 30 minutes offers connections with Underground A Tramway T1 T3 & T4 bus lines Lyon public transport Sytrail offers no service despite bus service operating nearby suburb regular price of public transport €1.90 opposed €15 one way Rhonexpress suburb of Bron smaller Lyon-Bron Airport provides alternative domestic aviationLyon has two major railway stations Lyon Part-Dieu which was built accommodate TGV Lyon Perrache older station that now provides mostly regional service Smaller railway stations include Gorge-de-Loup Vaise Vénissieux Saint-Paul Jean Macé Lyon was first city be connected Paris TGV 1981 Since that time TGV train network has expanded links Lyon directly Perpignan Toulouse Nice Marseille Strasbourg Nantes Lille International trains operate directly Madrid Barcelona Milan Turin Geneva Frankfurt Luxembourg Brussels LondonThe city heart of dense road network located meeting point of several highways A6 (to Paris) A7 (to Marseille) A42 (to Geneva) A43 (to Grenoble) city now bypassed A46 double motorway tunnel passes under Fourvière connecting A6 A7 autoroutes both forming Autoroute du SoleilLyon served Eurolines intercity coach organisation Its Lyon terminal located city's Perrache railway station which serves intermodal transportation hub that also includes tramways local regional trains buses terminus of Metro line A of Tramway T2 bicycle service Vélo'v taxisPublic transport map. Main article Sport Paris Main article French literature, Administration In 2017 Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport was second-busiest airport Europe tenth-busiest airport worldParis major international air transport hub with 5th busiest airport system world city served three commercial international airports Paris-Charles de Gaulle Paris-Orly Beauvais-Tillé Together these three airports recorded traffic of 96.5 million passengers 2014 There also one general aviation airport Paris-Le Bourget historically oldest Parisian airport closest city centre which now used only private business flights air showsOrly Airport located southern suburbs of Paris replaced Le Bourget principal airport of Paris from 1950s 1980s Charles de Gaulle Airport located edge of northern suburbs of Paris opened commercial traffic 1974 became busiest Parisian airport 1993 year 2017 was 5th busiest airport world international traffic hub nation's flag carrier Air France Beauvais-Tillé Airport located 69 kilometres (43 miles) north of Paris's city centre used charter airlines low-cost carriers such RyanairDomestically air travel between Paris some of France's largest cities such Lyon Marseille or Strasbourg has been large measure replaced high-speed rail due opening of several high-speed TGV rail lines from 1980s example after LGV Méditerranée opened 2001 air traffic between Paris Marseille declined from 2,976,793 passengers 2000 1,502,196 passengers 2014 After LGV Est opened 2007 air traffic between Paris Strasbourg declined from 1,006,327 passengers 2006 157,207 passengers 2014Internationally air traffic has increased markedly recent years between Paris Gulf airports emerging nations of Africa Russia Turkey Portugal Italy mainland China whereas noticeable decline has been recorded between Paris British Isles Egypt Tunisia JapanMotorways.
Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Paris stone building with slate dome ComtéCentre-Val de Loire, Emmanuel Macron (cropped).jpg Édouard Philippe (cropped).jpg. Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon houses Musée des Hospices Civils permanent exhibit tracing history practice of medicine from Middle Ages modern times, The Paris region hosts France's highest concentration of grandes écoles – 55 specialised centres of higher-education outside public university structure prestigious public universities usually considered grands établissements Most of grandes écoles were relocated suburbs of Paris 1960s 1970s new campuses much larger than old campuses within crowded city of Paris though École Normale Supérieure has remained rue d'Ulm 5th arrondissement There high number of engineering schools led Paris Institute of Technology which comprises several colleges such École Polytechnique École des Mines AgroParisTech Télécom Paris Arts et Métiers École des Ponts et Chaussées There also many business schools including HEC INSEAD ESSEC ESCP Europe administrative school such ENA has been relocated Strasbourg political science school Sciences-Po still located Paris's 7th arrondissement most prestigious university of economics finance Paris-Dauphine located Paris's 16th Parisian school of journalism CELSA department of Paris-Sorbonne University located Neuilly-sur-Seine Paris also home several of France's most famous high-schools such Lycée Louis-le-Grand Lycée Henri-IV Lycée Janson de Sailly Lycée Condorcet National Institute of Sport Physical Education located 12th arrondissement both physical education institute high-level training centre elite athletesLibraries.
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