Only Paris
Worthy Of Rome
Only Rome
Worthy Of Paris
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
ARE
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
ARE
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
ARE
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
IN
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
IN
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
IS
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
IS
IS
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
IS
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
IT
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
IT
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
AS
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
AS
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
BY
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
AND
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
AND
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
AND
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
AND
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
FOR
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
It
It
It
It
It
It
To
To
To
Is
Is
Is
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
Are
Are
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Main article
French Armed Forces Nuclear power plant
Cattenom
France four large cooling towers expelling white water vapor against
blue sky, Police (Gendarmerie) motorcyclists
Paris The Historic Site of Lyon was designated
UNESCO World Heritage Site
1998
its designation
UNESCO cited
exceptional testimony
continuity of urban settlement over more than two millennia
site of great commercial
strategic significancespecific regions comprising
Historic Site include
Roman district
Fourvière
Renaissance district (Vieux Lyon)
silk district (slopes of Croix-Rousse)
Presqu'île
which features architecture from
12th century
modern times
Both Vieux Lyon
slopes of Croix-Rousse
known
their narrow passageways (named traboules) that pass through buildings
link streets
either side
first examples of traboules
thought
have been built
Lyon
4th centurytraboules allowed
inhabitants
get from their homes
Saône quickly
allowed
canuts
Croix-Rousse hill
get from their workshops
textile merchants
foot of
hillGastronomy. Hôtel national des Invalides, masthead of Le Figaro newspaper, Main article
French architecture On 7 January 2015
two French Muslim extremists attacked
Paris headquarters of Charlie Hebdo
killed thirteen people
attack claimed
Al-Qaeda
Arabian Peninsula,
9 January
third terrorist
who claimed he was part of ISIL
killed four hostages during
attack
Jewish grocery store
Porte de Vincennes11 January
estimated 1.5 million people marched
Paris
show of solidarity against terrorism
support of freedom of speech13 November of
same year
series of coordinated bomb
gunfire terrorist attacks
Paris
Saint-Denis
claimed
ISIL, killed 130 people
injured more than 350On 3 February 2017
two-backpack-carrying
machete-wielding attacker shouting Allahu Akbar attacked soldiers guarding
Louvre museum after they stopped him because of his bags
assailant was shot
no explosives were found18 March of
same year
Vitry-sur-Seine bar
man held patrons hostage
then fled
later hold
gun
head of
Orly Airport French soldier
shouting I am here
die
name of Allah
was shot dead
soldier's comrades20 April
man shot dead French police officer
Champs-Élysées
was later shot dead himself19 June
man rammed his weapons-and-explosives-laden vehicle into
police van
Champs-Élysées
but
car only burst into flamesGeography. Main article
Geography of France The sectors
arrondissements of Marseille Marseille was originally founded circa 600 BC
Greek colony of Massalia
populated
settlers from Phocaea (modern Foça
Turkey)
became
preeminent Greek polis
Hellenized region of southern Gaul
city-state sided with
Roman Republic against Carthage during
Second Punic War (218-201 BC)
retaining its independence
commercial empire throughout
western Mediterranean even
Rome expanded into Western Europe
North Africa
However
city lost its independence following
Roman Siege of Massilia
49 BC
during Caesar's Civil War
which Massalia sided with
exiled faction
war with Julius CaesarMarseille continued
prosper
Roman city
becoming
early center of Christianity during
Western Roman Empire
city maintained its position
premier maritime trading hub even after its capture
Visigoths
5th century AD
although
city went into decline following
sack of 739 AD
forces of Charles Martel
became part of
County of Provence during
10th century
although its renewed prosperity was curtailed
Black Death of
14th century
sack of
city
Crown of Aragon
1423
city's fortunes rebounded with
ambitious building projects of René of Anjou
Count of Provence
who strengthened
city's fortifications during
mid-15th century
During
16th century
city hosted
naval fleet with
combined forces of
Franco-Ottoman alliance
which threatened
ports
navies of Genoa
Holy Roman EmpireMarseille lost
significant portion of its population during
Great Plague of Marseille
1720
but
population had recovered
mid century
1792
city became
focal point of
French Revolution
was
birthplace of France's national anthem
La Marseillaise
Industrial Revolution
establishment of
French Empire during
19th century allowed
further expansion of
city
although
was occupied
German Wehrmacht
November 1942
subsequently heavily damaged during World War II
city has since become
major center
immigrant communities from former French colonies
such
French AlgeriaEconomy! Ancient Lyon Marseille tarot card Main article
Administration of Paris Main article
French fashion Main article
French art. According
2012 INSEE figures
68 percent of employees
City of Paris work
commerce
transportation
services
24.4 percent
public administration
health
social services
4.4 percent
industry
0.1 percent
agricultureThe majority of Paris's salaried employees fill 370,000 businesses services jobs
concentrated
north-western 8th
16th
17th arrondissements
Paris's financial service companies
concentrated
central-western 8th
9th arrondissement banking
insurance district
Paris's department store district
1st
6th
8th
9th arrondissements employ ten percent of mostly female Paris workers
with 100,000 of these registered
retail trade
Fourteen percent of Parisians work
hotels
restaurants
other services
individuals
Nineteen percent of Paris employees work
State
either
administration or education
majority of Paris's healthcare
social workers work
hospitals
social housing concentrated
peripheral 13th
14th
18th
19th
20th arrondissements
Outside Paris
western Hauts-de-Seine department La Défense district specialising
finance
insurance
scientific research district
employs 144,600,
north-eastern Seine-Saint-Denis audiovisual sector has 200 media firms
10 major film studiosParis's manufacturing
mostly focused
its suburbs
city itself has only around 75,000 manufacturing workers
most of which
textile
clothing
leather goods
shoe trades
Paris region manufacturing specialises
transportation
mainly automobiles
aircraft
trains
but this
sharp decline
Paris proper manufacturing jobs dropped
64 percent between 1990
2010
Paris region lost 48 percent during
same period
Most of this
due
companies relocating outside
Paris region
Paris region's 800 aerospace companies employed 100,000
Four hundred automobile industry companies employ another 100,000 workers
many of these
centred
Yvelines department around
Renault
PSA-Citroen plants (this department alone employs 33,000), but
industry
whole suffered
major loss with
2014 closing of
major Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroen assembly plantThe southern Essonne department specialises
science
technology,
south-eastern Val-de-Marne
with its wholesale Rungis food market
specialises
food processing
beveragesParis region's manufacturing decline
quickly being replaced
eco-industries
these employ about 100,000 workers2011
while only 56,927 construction workers worked
Paris itself, its metropolitan area employed 246,639,
activity centred largely around
Seine-Saint-Denis (41,378)
Hauts-de-Seine (37,303) departments
new business-park centres appearing thereUnemployment, Main article
Climate of Paris, The Musée des Civilisations de l'Europe et de la Méditerranée (MuCEM)
Villa Méditerranée were inaugurated
2013
MuCEM
devoted
history
culture of European
Mediterranean civilisations
adjacent Villa Méditerranée
international centre
cultural
artistic interchange
partially constructed underwater
site
linked
footbridges
Fort Saint-Jean
PanierThe Musée Regards de Provence
opened
2013
located between
Cathedral of Notre Dame de la Majeur
Fort Saint-Jean
occupies
converted port building constructed
1945
monitor
control potential sea-borne health hazards
particular epidemics
now houses
permanent collection of historical artworks from Provence
well
temporary exhibitionsThe Musée du Vieux Marseille
housed
16th-century Maison Diamantée
describing everyday life
Marseille from
18th century onwardsThe Musée des Docks Romains preserves
situ
remains of Roman commercial warehouses
has
small collection of objects
dating from
Greek period
Middle Ages
that were uncovered
site or retrieved from shipwrecksThe Marseille History Museum (Musée d'Histoire de Marseille)
devoted
history of
town
located
Centre Bourse
contains remains of
Greek
Roman history of Marseille
well
best preserved hull of
6th-century boat
world
Ancient remains from
Hellenic port
displayed
adjacent archeological gardens
Jardin des VestigesThe Musée Cantini
museum of modern art near
Palais de Justice
houses artworks associated with Marseille
well
several works
PicassoThe Musée Grobet-Labadié
opposite
Palais Longchamp
houses
exceptional collection of European objets d'art
old musical instrumentsThe 19th-century Palais Longchamp
designed
Esperandieu
located
Parc Longchamp
Built
grand scale
this italianate colonnaded building rises up behind
vast monumental fountain with cascading waterfalls
jeux d'eau marks
masks
entry point of
Canal de Provence into Marseille
Its two wings house
Musée des beaux-arts de Marseille (a fine arts museum)
Natural History Museum (Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Marseille)The Château Borély
located
Parc Borély
park off
Bay of Marseille with
Jardin botanique E.M
Heckel
botanical garden
Museum of
Decorative Arts
Fashion
Ceramics (fr) opened
renovated château
June 2013The Musée d'Art Contemporain de Marseille (fr) (MAC)
museum of contemporary art
opened
1994
devoted
American
European art from
1960s
present dayThe Musée du Terroir Marseillais (fr)
Château-Gombert
devoted
Provençal crafts
traditionsThe MuCEM
Musée Regards de Provence
Villa Mediterannée
with Notre Dame de la Majeur
right. The Maison Carrée was
temple of
Gallo-Roman city of Nemausus (present-day Nîmes)
one of
best-preserved vestiges of
Roman EmpireIn 600 BC
Ionian Greeks
originating from Phocaea
founded
colony of Massalia (present-day Marseille)
shores of
Mediterranean Sea
This makes
France's oldest city same time
some Gallic Celtic tribes penetrated parts of
current territory of France
this occupation spread
rest of France between
5th
3rd century BCThe Roman-era Theatre of Autun (Latin
Augustodunum)
Saône-et-Loire
one of
main historical sites of BurgundyThe concept of Gaul emerged
that time
corresponds
territories of Celtic settlement ranging between
Rhine
Atlantic Ocean
Pyrenees
Mediterranean
borders of modern France
roughly
same
those of ancient Gaul
which was inhabited
Celtic Gauls
Gaul was then
prosperous country
of which
southernmost part was heavily subject
Greek
Roman cultural
economic influencesAround 125 BC
south of Gaul was conquered
Romans
who called this region Provincia Nostra (Our Province)
which over time evolved into
name Provence
French
Julius Caesar conquered
remainder of Gaul
overcame
revolt carried out
Gallic chieftain Vercingetorix
52 BC
Gaul was divided
Augustus into Roman provinces
Many cities were founded during
Gallo-Roman period
including Lugdunum (present-day Lyon)
which
considered
capital of
Gauls
These cities were built
traditional Roman style
with
forum
theatre
circus
amphitheatre
thermal baths
Gauls mixed with Roman settlers
eventually adopted Roman culture
Roman speech (Latin
from which
French language evolved)
Roman polytheism merged with
Gallic paganism into
same syncretismFrom
250s
280s AD
Roman Gaul suffered
serious crisis with its fortified borders being attacked
several occasions
barbarians
Nevertheless
situation improved
first half of
4th century
which was
period of revival
prosperity
Roman Gaul312
Emperor Constantin I converted
Christianity
Subsequently
Christians
who had been persecuted until then
increased rapidly across
entire Roman Empire
But
from
beginning of
5th century
Barbarian Invasions resumed,
Germanic tribes
such
Vandals
Suebi
Alans crossed
Rhine
settled
Gaul
Spain
other parts of
collapsing Roman EmpireEarly Middle Ages (5th century–10th century). See also
Paris
Middle Ages
Paris
16th century
Paris
17th century. Institut supérieur européen de gestion group
See also
Paris
Belle Époque
Paris during
First World War
Paris between
Wars (1919–1939)
Paris
World War II
History of Paris (1946–2000).
The first book printed
France
Epistolae (Letters)
Gasparinus de Bergamo (Gasparino da Barzizza)
was published
Paris
1470
press established
Johann Heynlin
Since then
Paris has been
centre of
French publishing industry
home of some of
world's best-known writers
poets
setting
many classic works of French literature
Almost all
books published
Paris
Middle Ages were
Latin
rather than French
Paris did not become
acknowledged capital of French literature until
17th century
with authors such
Boileau
Corneille
La Fontaine
Molière
Racine
several coming from
provinces
foundation of
Académie française 18th century
literary life of Paris revolved around
cafés
salons
was dominated
Voltaire
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Pierre de Marivaux
BeaumarchaisDuring
19th century
Paris was
home
subject
some of France's greatest writers
including Charles Baudelaire
Stéphane Mallarmé
Mérimée
Alfred de Musset
Marcel Proust
Émile Zola
Alexandre Dumas
Gustave Flaubert
Guy de Maupassant
Honoré de Balzac
Victor Hugo's
Hunchback of Notre Dame inspired
renovation of its setting
Notre-Dame de Paris
Another of Victor Hugo's works
Les Misérables
written while he was
exile outside France during
Second Empire
described
social change
political turmoil
Paris
early 1830s
One of
most popular of all French writers
Jules Verne
worked
Theatre Lyrique
Paris stock exchange
while he did research
his stories
National Library.[citation not found]. Origins Place des Vosges, painting of Napoleon
1806 standing with hand
vest attended
staff
Imperial guard regiment Paris hosted
1900
1924 Summer Olympics
will host
2024 Summer Olympics
Paralympic GamesThe city also hosted
finals of
1938 FIFA World Cup (at
Stade Olympique de Colombes)
well
1998 FIFA World Cup
2007 Rugby World Cup Final (both
Stade de France)
Two UEFA Champions League Finals
current century have also been played
Stade de France
2000
2006 editions
Paris has most recently been
host
UEFA Euro 2016
both
Parc des Princes
city proper
also
Stade de France
with
latter hosting
opening match
finalThe final stage of
most famous bicycle racing
world
Tour de France
always finishes
Paris
Since 1975
race has finished
Champs-ElyséesTennis
another popular sport
Paris
throughout France
French Open
held every year
red clay of
Roland Garros National Tennis Centre,
one of
four Grand Slam events of
world professional tennis tour
17,000-seat Bercy Arena (officially named AccorHotels Arena
formerly known
Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy)
venue
annual Paris Masters ATP Tour tennis tournament
has been
frequent site of national
international tournaments
basketball
boxing
cycling
handball
ice hockey
show jumping
other sports
Bercy Arena also hosted
2017 IIHF World Ice Hockey Championship
together with Cologne
Germany
final stages of
FIBA EuroBasket 1999 were also played
Palais Omnisports de Paris-BercyThe basketball team Levallois Metropolitans plays some of its games
4,000 capacity Stade Pierre de Coubertin
Another top-level professional team
Nanterre 92
plays
NanterreInfrastructure. The Stade Vélodrome
home of Olympique de Marseille, On 14 June 1940
German army marched into Paris
which had been declared
open city16–17 July 1942
following German orders
French police
gendarmes arrested 12,884 Jews
including 4,115 children
confined them during five days
Vel d'Hiv (Vélodrome d'Hiver)
from which they were transported
train
extermination camp
Auschwitz
None of
children came back25 August 1944
city was liberated
French 2nd Armoured Division
4th Infantry Division of
United States Army
General Charles de Gaulle led
huge
emotional crowd down
Champs Élysées towards Notre Dame de Paris
made
rousing speech from
Hôtel de VilleIn
1950s
1960s
Paris became one front of
Algerian War
independence
August 1961
pro-independence FLN targeted
killed 11 Paris policemen
leading
imposition of
curfew
Muslims of Algeria (who
that time
were French citizens)
17 October 1961
unauthorised but peaceful protest demonstration of Algerians against
curfew led
violent confrontations between
police
demonstrators
which
least 40 people were killed
including some thrown into
Seine
anti-independence Organisation armée secrète (OAS)
their part
carried out
series of bombings
Paris throughout 1961
1962In May 1968
protesting students occupied
Sorbonne
put up barricades
Latin Quarter
Thousands of Parisian blue-collar workers joined
students
movement grew into
two-week general strike
Supporters of
government won
June elections
large majority
May 1968 events
France resulted
break-up of
University of Paris into 13 independent campuses1975
National Assembly changed
status of Paris
that of other French cities and
25 March 1977
Jacques Chirac became
first elected mayor of Paris since 1793Tour Maine-Montparnasse
tallest building
city
57 storeys
210 metres (689 feet) high
was built between 1969
1973
was highly controversial
remains
only building
centre of
city over 32 storeys highpopulation of Paris dropped from 2,850,000
1954
2,152,000
1990
middle-class families moved
suburbssuburban railway network
RER (Réseau Express Régional)
was built
complement
Métro
Périphérique expressway encircling
city
was completed
1973Most of
postwar's Presidents of
Fifth Republic wanted
leave their own monuments
Paris
President Georges Pompidou started
Centre Georges Pompidou (1977)
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing began
Musée d'Orsay (1986)
President François Mitterrand
power
14 years
built
Opéra Bastille (1985–1989)
new site of
Bibliothèque nationale de France (1996)
Arche de la Défense (1985–1989)
Louvre Pyramid with its underground courtyard (1983–1989)
Jacques Chirac (2006)
Musée du quai BranlyIn
early 21st century
population of Paris began
increase slowly again
more young people moved into
city
reached 2.25 million
2011
March 2001
Bertrand Delanoë became
first Socialist Mayor of Paris
2007
effort
reduce car traffic
city
he introduced
Vélib'
system which rents bicycles
use of local residents
visitors
Bertrand Delanoë also transformed
section of
highway along
Left Bank of
Seine into
urban promenade
park
Promenade des Berges de la Seine
which he inaugurated
June 2013In 2007
President Nicolas Sarkozy launched
Grand Paris project
integrate Paris more closely with
towns
region around it
After many modifications
new area
named
Metropolis of Grand Paris
with
population of 6.7 million
was created
1 January 20162011
City of Paris
national government approved
plans
Grand Paris Express
totalling 205 kilometres (127 miles) of automated metro lines
connect Paris
innermost three departments around Paris
airports
high-speed rail (TGV) stations
estimated cost of €35 billionsystem
scheduled
be completed
2030On 5 April 2014
Anne Hidalgo
Socialist
was elected
first female Mayor of ParisTerrorist attacks, In 2017 Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport was
second-busiest airport
Europe
tenth-busiest airport
worldParis
major international air transport hub with
5th busiest airport system
world
city
served
three commercial international airports
Paris-Charles de Gaulle
Paris-Orly
Beauvais-Tillé
Together these three airports recorded traffic of 96.5 million passengers
2014
There
also one general aviation airport
Paris-Le Bourget
historically
oldest Parisian airport
closest
city centre
which
now used only
private business flights
air showsOrly Airport
located
southern suburbs of Paris
replaced Le Bourget
principal airport of Paris from
1950s
1980s
Charles de Gaulle Airport
located
edge of
northern suburbs of Paris
opened
commercial traffic
1974
became
busiest Parisian airport
1993 year 2017
was
5th busiest airport
world
international traffic
hub
nation's flag carrier Air France
Beauvais-Tillé Airport
located 69 kilometres (43 miles) north of Paris's city centre
used
charter airlines
low-cost carriers such
RyanairDomestically
air travel between Paris
some of France's largest cities such
Lyon
Marseille
or Strasbourg has been
large measure replaced
high-speed rail due
opening of several high-speed TGV rail lines from
1980s
example
after
LGV Méditerranée opened
2001
air traffic between Paris
Marseille declined from 2,976,793 passengers
2000
1,502,196 passengers
2014
After
LGV Est opened
2007
air traffic between Paris
Strasbourg declined from 1,006,327 passengers
2006
157,207 passengers
2014Internationally
air traffic has increased markedly
recent years between Paris
Gulf airports
emerging nations of Africa
Russia
Turkey
Portugal
Italy
mainland China
whereas noticeable decline has been recorded between Paris
British Isles
Egypt
Tunisia
JapanMotorways. CorsicaFrench GuianaGuadeloupeMartiniqueMayotteRéunionBelgiumLuxembourgGermanySwitzerlandItalyUnited KingdomAndorraBrazilSurinameSpainChannelBay of, Most French people
of Celtic (Gauls) origin
with
admixture of Italic (Romans)
Germanic (Franks) groups
Different regions reflect this diverse heritage
with notable Breton elements
western France
Aquitanian
southwest
Scandinavian
northwest
Alemannic
northeast
Ligurian influence
southeast
Large-scale immigration over
last century
half has led
more multicultural society
2004
Institut Montaigne estimated that within Metropolitan France
51 million people were White (85% of
population)
6 million were Northwest African (10%)
2 million were Black (3.3%)
1 million were Asian (1.7%)A law originating from
1789 revolution
reaffirmed
1958 French Constitution makes
illegal
French state
collect data
ethnicity
ancestry
2008
TeO (Trajectories
origins) poll conducted jointly
INED
French National Institute of Statistics estimated that 5 million people were of Italian ancestry (the largest immigrant community)
followed
3 million
6 million people of Northwest African ancestry
2.5 million people of Sub-Saharan African origin
200,000 people of Turkish ancestry
There
over 500,000 ethnic Armenians
France
There
also sizeable minorities of other European ethnic groups
namely Spanish
Portuguese
Polish
GreekFrance has
significant Gypsy (Gitan) population
numbering between 20,000
400,000
Many foreign Romani people
expelled back
Bulgaria
Romania frequentlyIt
currently estimated that 40% of
French population
descended
least partially from
different waves of immigration
country has received since
early 20th century
between 1921
1935 alone
about 1.1 million net immigrants came
Francenext largest wave came
1960s
when around 1.6 million pieds noirs returned
France following
independence of its Northwest African possessions
Algeria
Morocco
They were joined
numerous former colonial subjects from North
West Africa
well
numerous European immigrants from Spain
PortugalFrance remains
major destination
immigrants
accepting about 200,000 legal immigrants annually also Western Europe's leading recipient of asylum seekers
with
estimated 50,000 applications
2005 (a 15% decrease from 2004)European Union allows free movement between
member states
although France established controls
curb Eastern European migration
immigration remains
contentious political issueIn 2008
INSEE estimated that
total number of foreign-born immigrants was around 5 million (8% of
population)
while their French-born descendants numbered 6.5 million
or 11% of
population
Thus
nearly
fifth of
country's population were either first or second-generation immigrants
of which more than 5 million were of European origin
4 million of Maghrebi ancestry2008
France granted citizenship
137,000 persons
mostly
people from Morocco
Algeria
TurkeyIn 2014
National Institute of Statistics (INSEE
its acronym
French) published
study which reported doubling of
number of Spanish immigrants
Portuguese
Italians
France between 2009
2012
According
French Institute
this increase resulting from
financial crisis that hit several European countries
that period
has pushed up
number of Europeans installed
France
Statistics
Spanish immigrants
France show
growth of 107 percent between 2009
2012
i.e
this period went from 5300
11,000 people
Of
total of 229,000 foreigners who were
France
2012
nearly 8% were Portuguese
5% British
5% Spanish
4% Italians
4% Germans
3% Romanians
3% BelgiansMajor cities.
Gregory J Wald Attorney at Law