Only Paris
Worthy Of Rome
Only Rome
Worthy Of Paris
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CPE Lyon
Map of
25 largest urban units
population President Édouard Philippe There
several popular festivals
different neighborhoods
with concerts
animations
outdoor bars
like
Fête du Panier
June
21 June
there
dozens of free concerts
city
part of France's Fête de la Musique
featuring music from all over
world
Being free events
many Marseille residents attendMarseille hosts
Gay Pride event
early July
2013
Marseille hosted Europride
international LGBT event
10 July–20 beginning of July
there
International Documentary Festival end of September
electronic music festival Marsatac takes place
October
Fiesta des Suds offers many concerts of world musicHip hop music. Ombrosa
Université de Provence Aix-Marseille I, With Clovis's conversion
Catholicism
498
Frankish monarchy
elective
secular until then
became hereditary
of divine rightThe Franks embraced
Christian Gallo-Roman culture
ancient Gaul was eventually renamed Francia (Land of
Franks)
Germanic Franks adopted Romanic languages
except
northern Gaul where Roman settlements were less dense
where Germanic languages emerged
Clovis made Paris his capital
established
Merovingian dynasty
but his kingdom would not survive his death
Franks treated land purely
private possession
divided
among their heirs
so four kingdoms emerged from Clovis's
Paris
Orléans
Soissons
Rheims
last Merovingian kings lost power
their mayors of
palace (head of household)
One mayor of
palace
Charles Martel
defeated
Islamic invasion of Gaul
Battle of Tours (732)
earned respect
power within
Frankish kingdoms
His son
Pepin
Short
seized
crown of Francia from
weakened Merovingians
founded
Carolingian dynasty
Pepin's son
Charlemagne
reunited
Frankish kingdoms
built
vast empire across Western
Central EuropeProclaimed Holy Roman Emperor
Pope Leo III
thus establishing
earnest
French Government's longtime historical association with
Catholic Church, Charlemagne tried
revive
Western Roman Empire
its cultural grandeur
Charlemagne's son
Louis I (Emperor 814–840)
kept
empire united
however
this Carolingian Empire would not survive his death
843
under
Treaty of Verdun
empire was divided between Louis' three sons
with East Francia going
Louis
German
Middle Francia
Lothair I
West Francia
Charles
Bald
West Francia approximated
area occupied by
was
precursor
modern FranceDuring
9th
10th centuries
continually threatened
Viking invasions
France became
very decentralised state
nobility's titles
lands became hereditary
authority of
king became more religious than secular
thus was less effective
constantly challenged
powerful noblemen
Thus was established feudalism
France
Over time
some of
king's vassals would grow so powerful that they often posed
threat
king
example
after
Battle of Hastings
1066
William
Conqueror added King of England
his titles
becoming both
vassal
(as Duke of Normandy)
equal of (as king of England)
king of France
creating recurring tensionsLate Middle Ages (10th century–15th century). La Part-Dieu
city's central business district, City Hall
Place des Terreaux
built
architects Jules Hardouin-Mansart
Robert de Cotte, 7th arrondissement
Guillotière (south)
Jean Macé
Gerland Main article
Religion
France. See Wiktionary
name of Paris
various languages other than English
FrenchThe name Paris
derived from its early inhabitants
Celtic Parisii tribecity's name
not related
Paris of Greek mythologyParis
often referred
City of Light (La Ville Lumière), both because of its leading role during
Age of Enlightenment
more literally because Paris was one of
first European cities
adopt gas street lighting.[citation needed]
1860s
boulevards
streets of Paris were illuminated
56,000 gas lamps
Since
late 19th century
Paris has also been known
Panam(e) (pronounced [panam])
French slangInhabitants
known
English
Parisians
French
Parisiens ([paʁizjɛ̃] (About this sound listen))
They
also pejoratively called Parigots ([paʁiɡo] (About this sound listen)).[note 1], Jewish (52,000) Palais du Pharo Cathedral of St
John Bastille Day military parade
Marseille
2012. The Transports en commun lyonnais (TCL)
Lyon's public transit system
consisting of metro
tramways
buses
serves 62 communes of
Lyon metropolis
network has four lines (
B C D )
42 stations
runs with
frequency of up
train every 2 minutes
There
five Lyon tram lines ( T1 T2 T3 T4 T5) since April 2009
T1 from Debourg
south
IUT-Feyssine
north
Tram T2 from Perrache railway station
south-west
Saint-Priest
south-east
Tram T3 from Part-Dieu
Meyzieu
Tram T4 from 'Hôptial Feyzin Venissieux'
Gaston Berger
Tram T5 from Grange Blanche
south-east
Eurexpo
south-wast
Lyon bus network consists of
Lyon trolleybus system
motorbuses
coaches
areas outside
centre
There
also two funicular lines from Vieux Lyon
Saint-Just
Fourvière
ticketing system
relatively simple
city has only one public transport operator
SYTRALThe public transit system has been complemented since 2005
Vélo'v
bicycle network providing
low-cost service where bicycles can be hired
returned
any of 340 stations throughout
city
Borrowing
bicycle
less than 30 minutes
free
Free rental time can be extended
another 30 minutes
any station
Lyon was
first city
France
introduce this bicycle renting system
2011
Auto'lib car rental service was introduced
works much
same way
Velo'v but
carsThe average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit
Lyon
weekday
45 minutes
average amount of time people wait
stop or station
public transit
11 min
while 17% of riders wait
over 20 minutes
average every day
average distance people usually ride
single trip with public transit
4.7 km
while 4% travel
over 12 km
single directionInternational relations, École Centrale de Lyon
ECE Lyon (École de Commerce Européenne de Lyon). Health care
emergency medical service
city of Paris
its suburbs
provided
Assistance publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)
public hospital system that employs more than 90,000 people (including practitioners
support personnel
administrators)
44 hospitalslargest hospital system
Europe
provides health care
teaching
research
prevention
education
emergency medical service
52 branches of medicine
hospitals receive more than 5.8 million annual patient visitsOne of
most notable hospitals
Hôtel-Dieu
founded
651
oldest hospital
city
Other hospitals include Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (one of
largest
Europe)
Hôpital Cochin
Hôpital Bichat
Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou
Bicêtre Hospital
Beaujon Hospital
Curie Institute
Lariboisière Hospital
Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital
Hôpital Saint-Louis
Hôpital de la Charité
American Hospital of ParisMedia.
The basic principles that
French Republic must respect
found
1789 Declaration of
Rights of Man
of
CitizenFrench law
divided into two principal areas
private law
public law
Private law includes
particular
civil law
criminal law
Public law includes
particular
administrative law
constitutional law
However
practical terms
French law comprises three principal areas of law
civil law
criminal law
administrative law
Criminal laws can only address
future
not
past (criminal ex post facto laws
prohibited)
While administrative law
often
subcategory of civil law
many countries
completely separated
France
each body of law
headed
specific supreme court
ordinary courts (which handle criminal
civil litigation)
headed
Court of Cassation
administrative courts
headed
Council of StateTo be applicable
every law must be officially published
Journal officiel de la République françaiseFrance does not recognise religious law
motivation
enactment of prohibitions
France has long had neither blasphemy laws nor sodomy laws (the latter being abolished
1791)
However
offences against public decency (contraires aux bonnes mœurs) or disturbing public order (trouble à l'ordre public) have been used
repress public expressions of homosexuality or street prostitution
Since 1999
civil unions
homosexual couples
permitted
since May 2013
same-sex marriage
LGBT adoption
legal
France
Laws prohibiting discriminatory speech
press
old
1881
Some consider however that hate speech laws
France
too broad or severe
damage freedom of speech
France has laws against racism
antisemitism
Since 1990
Gayssot Act prohibits Holocaust denialFreedom of religion
constitutionally guaranteed
1789 Declaration of
Rights of Man
of
Citizen
1905 French law
Separation of
Churches
State
basis
laïcité (state secularism)
state does not formally recognize any religion
except
Alsace-Moselle
Nonetheless
does recognize religious associations
Parliament has listed many religious movements
dangerous cults since 1995
has banned wearing conspicuous religious symbols
schools since 2004
2010
banned
wearing of face-covering Islamic veils
public
human rights groups such
Amnesty International
Human Rights Watch described
law
discriminatory towards Muslims
However
supported
most of
populationForeign relations, Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry (1994)
Santiago Calatrava, Historically
economy of Marseille was dominated
its role
port of
French Empire
linking
North African colonies of Algeria
Morocco
Tunisia with Metropolitan France
Old Port was replaced
main port
trade
Port de la Joliette during
Second Empire
now contains restaurants
offices
bars
hotels
functions mostly
private marina
majority of
port
docks
which experienced decline
1970s after
oil crisis
have been recently redeveloped with funds from
European Union
Fishing remains important
Marseille
food economy of Marseille
fed
local catch
daily fish market
still held
Quai des Belges of
Old PortThe economy of Marseille
its region
still linked
its commercial port
first French port
fifth European port
cargo tonnage
which lies north of
Old Port
eastern
Fos-sur-Mer
Some 45,000 jobs
linked
port activities
represents 4 billion euros added value
regional economy
100 million tons of freight pass annually through
port
60% of which
petroleum
making
number one
France
Mediterranean
number three
Europe
However
early 2000s
growth
container traffic was being stifled
constant strikes
social upheavalport
among
20th firsts
Europe
container traffic with 1,062,408 TEU
new infrastructures have already raised
capacity
2M TEU
Petroleum refining
shipbuilding
principal industries
but chemicals
soap
glass
sugar
building materials
plastics
textiles
olive oil
processed foods
also important products.[citation needed] Marseille
connected with
Rhône via
canal
thus has access
extensive waterway network of France
Petroleum
shipped northward
Paris basin
pipeline
city also serves
France's leading centre of oil refiningCompanies
services
high technologies! Main articles
Music
Paris
History of music
Paris Main article
List of French inventions
discoveries The population of Paris today
lower than its historical peak of 2.9 million
1921
principal reasons were
significant decline
household size
dramatic migration of residents
suburbs between 1962
1975
Factors
migration included de-industrialisation
high rent
gentrification of many inner quarters
transformation of living space into offices
greater affluence among working families
city's population loss came
end
21st century
population estimate of July 2004 showed
population increase
first time since 1954
population reached 2,234,000
2009According
Eurostat
EU statistical agency
2012
Commune of Paris was
most densely populated city
European Union
with 21,616 people per square kilometre within
city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area)
ahead of Inner London West
which had 10,374 people per square kilometre
According
same census
three departments bordering Paris
Hauts-de-Seine
Seine-Saint-Denis
Val-de-Marne
had population densities of over 10,000 people per square kilometre
ranking among
10 most densely populated areas of
EUMigration. Paris's most popular sport clubs
association football club Paris Saint-Germain F.C
rugby union clubs Stade Français
Racing 92
last of which
based just outside
city proper
80,000-seat Stade de France
built
1998 FIFA World Cup
located just north of Paris
commune of Saint-Denis used
football
rugby union
track
field athletics
hosts
French national football team
friendlies
major tournaments qualifiers
annually hosts
French national rugby team's home matches of
Six Nations Championship
hosts several important matches of
Stade Français rugby teamaddition
Paris Saint-Germain FC
city has
number of other professional
amateur football clubs
Paris FC
Red Star
RCF Paris
Stade Français Paris2010 Tour de France
Champs Élysées. The Region of Île de France
including Paris
its surrounding communities
governed
Regional Council
which has its headquarters
7th arrondissement of Paris
composed of 209 members representing
different communes within
region
15 December 2015
list of candidates of
Union of
Right
coalition of centrist
right-wing parties
led
Valérie Pécresse
narrowly won
regional election
defeating
coalition of Socialists
ecologists
Socialists had governed
region
seventeen years
regional council has 121 members from
Union of
Right
66 from
Union of
Left
22 from
extreme right National FrontNational government, Since 2000
Birdy Kids
group of graffiti artists from
city
has decorated several random buildings
walls along
Lyon ring road
2012
artist collective has been chosen
represent
city
its cultural ambassadorsEconomy, The sixteenth century Maison Diamantée which houses
Musée du Vieux Marseille! Caves
Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil
part of
UNESCO Prehistoric Sites
Decorated Caves of
Vézère ValleyGeological formations near Roussillon
Vaucluse dating back
Post-classical historyMetropolitan France has
wide variety of topographical sets
natural landscapes
Large parts of
current territory of France were raised during several tectonic episodes like
Hercynian uplift
Paleozoic Era
during which
Armorican Massif
Massif Central
Morvan
Vosges
Ardennes ranges
island of Corsica were formed
These massifs delineate several sedimentary basins such
Aquitaine basin
southwest
Paris basin
north
latter including several areas of particularly fertile ground such
silt beds of Beauce
Brie
Various routes of natural passage
such
Rhône valley
allow easy communications
Alpine
Pyrenean
Jura mountains
much younger
have less eroded forms
4,810.45 metres (15,782 ft) above sea level
Mont Blanc
located
Alps
French
Italian border
highest point
Western EuropeAlthough 60% of municipalities
classified
having seismic risks
these risks remain moderate
coastlines offer contrasting landscapes
mountain ranges along
French Riviera
coastal cliffs such
Côte d'Albâtre
wide sandy plains
Languedoc
Corsica lies off
Mediterranean coast
France has
extensive river system consisting of
four major rivers Seine
Loire
Garonne
Rhône
their tributaries
whose combined catchment includes over 62% of
metropolitan territory
Rhône divides
Massif Central from
Alps
flows into
Mediterranean Sea
Camargue
Other water courses drain towards
Meuse
Rhine along
north-eastern borders
France has 11 million square kilometres (4.2×106 sq mi) of marine waters within three oceans under its jurisdiction
of which 97%
overseasClimate. See also
Marseille-Fos Port Magdalena Frackowiak
Paris Fashion Week (Fall 2011) Since 9 April 1956
Paris
exclusively
reciprocally twinned only with
Main article
Writers
Paris. Nuclear power plant
Cattenom
France four large cooling towers expelling white water vapor against
blue sky, Musée des Automates
museum of automated puppets
Vieux Lyon
open since 1991Parks
gardens, Paris grew
population from about 400,000
1640
650,000
1780new boulevard
Champs-Élysées
extended
city west
Étoile, while
working-class neighbourhood of
Faubourg Saint-Antoine
eastern site of
city grew more
more crowded with poor migrant workers from other regions of FranceParis was
centre of
explosion of philosophic
scientific activity known
Age of Enlightenment
Diderot
d'Alembert published their Encyclopédie
1751
Montgolfier Brothers launched
first manned flight
hot-air balloon
21 November 1783
from
gardens of
Château de la Muette
Paris was
financial capital of continental Europe
primary European centre of book publishing
fashion
manufacture of fine furniture
luxury goodsThe storming of
Bastille
14 July 1789
Jean-Baptiste Lallemand
(Musée de la Révolution française). Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon (Fine Arts Museum)
main museum of
city
one of
largest art galleries
France
Housed
Palais Saint Pierre
former 17th-century convent
displays
major collection of paintings
artists (including Tintoretto
Paolo Veronese
Nicolas Poussin
Rubens
Rembrandt
Zurbaran
Canaletto
Delacroix
Monet
Gauguin
Van Gogh
Cézanne
Matisse
Picasso
Francis Bacon...)
collections of sculptures
drawings
printings
decorative arts
Roman
Greek antiquities
second largest collection of Egyptian antiquities
France after that of
Louvre
medal cabinet of 50.000 medals
coinsThe Gallo-Roman Museum displaying many valuable objects
artworks found
site of Roman Lyon (Lugdunum) such
Circus Games Mosaic
Coligny calendar
Taurobolic Altar.
Saras Flowers