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Napoleon Emperor Of French His Grande Armée Built Vast Empire Across Europe His Conquests Spread French Revolutionary Ideals Across Much Of Europe Such Popular Sovereignty Legal Equality Republicanism Administrative Reorganization While His Legal Reforms Had Major Impact Worldwide Nationalism Especially Germany Emerged Reaction Against HimNapoleon Bonaparte Seized Control Of Republic 1799 Becoming First Consul Later Emperor Of French Empire (1804–1814 1815) Continuation Of Wars Sparked European Monarchies Against French Republic Changing Sets Of European Coalitions Declared Wars Napoleon's Empire His Armies Conquered Most Of Continental Europe With Swift Victories Such Battles Of Jena-Auerstadt Or Austerlitz Members Of Bonaparte Family Were Appointed Monarchs Some Of Newly Established Kingdoms These Victories Led Worldwide Expansion Of French Revolutionary Ideals Reforms Such Metric System Napoleonic Code Declaration Of Rights Of Man After Catastrophic Russian Campaign Ensuing Uprising Of European Monarchies Against His Rule Napoleon Was Defeated Bourbon Monarchy Restored About Million Frenchmen Died During Napoleonic Wars After His Brief Return From Exile Napoleon Was Finally Defeated 1815 Battle Of Waterloo Monarchy Was Re-established (1815–1830) With New Constitutional LimitationsThe Discredited Bourbon Dynasty Was Overthrown July Revolution Of 1830 Which Established Constitutional July Monarchy That Year French Troops Conquered Algeria Establishing First Colonial Presence Africa Since Napoleon's Abortive Invasion Of Egypt 1798 According Historian Ben Kiernan French Conquest Pacification Of Algeria From 1830 Until Early Twentieth Century Slaughtered 825,000 Algerian People French Losses From 1831–51 Were 92,329 Dead Hospital Only 3,336 Killed ActionIn 1848 General Unrest Led February Revolution End Of July Monarchy Abolition Of Slavery Male Universal Suffrage Both Briefly Enacted During French Revolution Were Re-enacted 1848 1852 President Of French Republic Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte Napoleon I's Nephew Was Proclaimed Emperor Of Second Empire Napoleon III He Multiplied French Interventions Abroad Especially Crimea Mexico Italy Which Resulted Annexation Of Duchy Of Savoy County Of Nice Then Part Of Kingdom Of Sardinia Napoleon III Was Unseated Following Defeat Franco-Prussian War Of 1870 His Regime Was Replaced Third Republicanimated Gif Of French Colonial Territory World Map
Most of low-lying areas of metropolitan France located oceanic climate zone Cfb Cfc Köppen classification Corsica small part of territory bordering mediterranean basin lies Csa Csb zones French metropolitan territory relatively large climate not uniform giving rise following climate nuances, A silver drachma inscribed with MASSA[LIA] (ΜΑΣΣΑ[ΛΙΑ]) dated 375–200 BC during Hellenistic period of Marseille bearing head of Greek goddess Artemis obverse lion reverse, History Main article Demographics of Paris. Further information Energy France, Nouvelle- Most of attractions of Marseille (including shopping areas) located 1st 2nd 6th 7th arrondissements These include. La Défense largest dedicated business district Europe Frankish expansion from 481 843/870At end of Antiquity period ancient Gaul was divided into several Germanic kingdoms remaining Gallo-Roman territory known Kingdom of Syagrius Simultaneously Celtic Britons fleeing Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain settled western part of Armorica result Armorican peninsula was renamed Brittany Celtic culture was revived independent petty kingdoms arose this regionThe pagan Franks from whom ancient name of Francie was derived originally settled north part of Gaul but under Clovis I conquered most of other kingdoms northern central Gaul 498 Clovis I was first Germanic conqueror after fall of Roman Empire convert Catholic Christianity rather than Arianism thus France was given title Eldest daughter of Church (French La fille aînée de l'Église) papacy, French kings would be called the Most Christian Kings of France (Rex Christianissimus)painting of Clovis I conversion Catholicism 498 king being baptized tub cathedral surrounded bishop monks. Autochrome of 114 Infantery regiment París 14 July 1917 with French flag unfurled laying stacked arms African Museum of Lyon See also Marseille-Provence 2013. Paris's most popular sport clubs association football club Paris Saint-Germain F.C rugby union clubs Stade Français Racing 92 last of which based just outside city proper 80,000-seat Stade de France built 1998 FIFA World Cup located just north of Paris commune of Saint-Denis used football rugby union track field athletics hosts French national football team friendlies major tournaments qualifiers annually hosts French national rugby team's home matches of Six Nations Championship hosts several important matches of Stade Français rugby teamaddition Paris Saint-Germain FC city has number of other professional amateur football clubs Paris FC Red Star RCF Paris Stade Français Paris2010 Tour de France Champs Élysées, Saint-Bruno des Chartreux (17th 18th century) church masterpiece of Baroque architecture Ring roads of Paris. Eastern Orthodox (10,000) Musée des Automates museum of automated puppets Vieux Lyon open since 1991Parks gardens!
6th arrondissement Brotteaux Bellecombe Parc de la Tête d'or Cité Internationale. Electricity provided Paris through peripheral grid fed multiple sources of 2012 around 50% of electricity generated Île-de-France comes from cogeneration energy plants located near outer limits of region other energy sources include Nogent nuclear power plant (35%) trash incineration (9% – with cogeneration plants these provide city heat well) methane gas (5%) hydraulics (1%) solar power (0.1%) negligible amount of wind power (0.034 GWh)quarter of Paris's district heating come from plant Saint-Ouen burning 50/50-mix of coal 140,000 tonnes of wood pellets from USA per yearWater sanitation, Notre-Dame de Reims Roman Catholic cathedral where kings of France were crowned until 1825.[XV], The largest opera houses of Paris 19th-century Opéra Garnier (historical Paris Opéra) modern Opéra Bastille former tends toward more classic ballets operas latter provides mixed repertoire of classic modernmiddle of 19th century there were three other active competing opera houses Opéra-Comique (which still exists) Théâtre-Italien Théâtre Lyrique (which modern times changed its profile name Théâtre de la Ville) Philharmonie de Paris modern symphonic concert hall of Paris opened January 2015 Another musical landmark Théâtre des Champs-Élysées where first performances of Diaghilev's Ballets Russes took place 1913The Comédie Française (Salle Richelieu)! Sainte Marie de La Tourette monastery (1960) designed Le Corbusier Bellecour Ecoles D'ArtsPrimary secondary schools Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (Sciences Po Lyon). 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for For for for for for for for at at at at at at at at at at at at at At at at at at at at at at at at At at at at at at at at at at at at At at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at At at at at at at At At at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at At at at at at at At at at at at at at at at and and and and and and and and and and and by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by as as as As as as as as as as as the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the the the the the the it it it it it It to to to is is is an An an an an an an an on on on on on on On on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on are are a a a a a a a a a a a a a, In summer of 1789 Paris became centre stage of French Revolution 14 July mob seized arsenal Invalides acquiring thousands of guns stormed Bastille symbol of royal authority first independent Paris Commune or city council met Hôtel de Ville and 15 July elected Mayor astronomer Jean Sylvain BaillyThe Paris Opera was centrepiece of Napoleon III's new Paris architect Charles Garnier described style simply Napoleon ThirdLouis XVI royal family were brought Paris made prisoners within Tuileries Palace 1793 revolution turned more more radical king queen mayor were guillotined along with more than 16,000 others (throughout France) during Reign of Terrorproperty of aristocracy church was nationalised city's churches were closed sold or demolishedsuccession of revolutionary factions ruled Paris until 9 November 1799 (coup d'état du 18 brumaire) when Napoléon Bonaparte seized power First ConsulThe Jardin du Luxembourg Panthéon background. The Château de Chenonceau nowadays part of UNESCO World Heritage Site was built early 16th centuryThe French Renaissance saw spectacular cultural development first standardisation of French language which would become official language of France language of Europe's aristocracy also saw long set of wars known Italian Wars between France Spain Holy Roman Empire Refusing accept Spanish-Portuguese claims of supremacy New World King Francis I ordered his privateers sail against his Spanish rival King Charles V who ruled Holy Roman Emperor from 1519 until 1556 Emperor's realm extended from Spain parts of what now Italy Austria Germany Belgium Netherlands French explorers such Jacques Cartier or Samuel de Champlain claimed lands Americas France paving way expansion of First French colonial empire rise of Protestantism Europe led France civil war known French Wars of Religion where most notorious incident thousands of Huguenots were murdered St Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572Wars of Religion were ended Henry IV's Edict of Nantes which granted some freedom of religion HuguenotsUnder Louis XIII energetic Cardinal Richelieu promoted centralisation of state reinforced royal power disarming domestic power holders 1620s He systematically destroyed castles of defiant lords denounced use of private violence (dueling carrying weapons maintaining private army) end of 1620s Richelieu established the royal monopoly of force doctrine France Spain fought 24-year war (the Franco-Spanish War) until signing of Treaty of Pyrenees 1659 war cost France 300,000 casualties During Louis XIV's minority regency of Queen Anne Cardinal Mazarin period of trouble known Fronde occurred France This rebellion was driven great feudal lords sovereign courts reaction rise of royal absolute power FranceLouis XIV of France standing plate armor blue sash facing left holding baton, Opéra Nouvel (1831) renovated 1993 Jean Nouvel, The Calanque of Sugiton 9th arrondissement of Marseille. Further information Charlie Hebdo shooting November 2015 Paris attacks Louvre machete attack March 2017 Île-de-France attacks April 2017 Champs-Élysées attack, Major religious communities Marseille include, Val de LoirePays de la Loire. On 7 January 2015 two French Muslim extremists attacked Paris headquarters of Charlie Hebdo killed thirteen people attack claimed Al-Qaeda Arabian Peninsula, 9 January third terrorist who claimed he was part of ISIL killed four hostages during attack Jewish grocery store Porte de Vincennes11 January estimated 1.5 million people marched Paris show of solidarity against terrorism support of freedom of speech13 November of same year series of coordinated bomb gunfire terrorist attacks Paris Saint-Denis claimed ISIL, killed 130 people injured more than 350On 3 February 2017 two-backpack-carrying machete-wielding attacker shouting Allahu Akbar attacked soldiers guarding Louvre museum after they stopped him because of his bags assailant was shot no explosives were found18 March of same year Vitry-sur-Seine bar man held patrons hostage then fled later hold gun head of Orly Airport French soldier shouting I am here die name of Allah was shot dead soldier's comrades20 April man shot dead French police officer Champs-Élysées was later shot dead himself19 June man rammed his weapons-and-explosives-laden vehicle into police van Champs-Élysées but car only burst into flamesGeography. Dining room of Vagenende Further information Charlie Hebdo shooting November 2015 Paris attacks Louvre machete attack March 2017 Île-de-France attacks April 2017 Champs-Élysées attack, Combined Arms School FranceGrand Est Main article French philosophy The Métropole du Grand Paris or simply Grand Paris formally came into existence 1 January 2016administrative structure co-operation between City of Paris its nearest suburbs includes City of Paris plus communes of three departments of inner suburbs (Hauts-de-Seine Seine-Saint-Denis Val-de-Marne) plus seven communes outer suburbs including Argenteuil Val d'Oise Paray-Vieille-Poste Essonne which were added include major airports of Paris Metropole covers 814 square kilometres (314 square miles) has population of 6.945 million personsThe new structure administered Metropolitan Council of 210 members not directly elected but chosen councils of member Communes 2020 its basic competencies will include urban planning housing protection of environmentfirst president of metropolitan council Patrick Ollier Republican mayor of town of Rueil-Malmaison was elected 22 January 2016 Though Metropole has population of nearly seven million persons accounts 25 percent of GDP of France has very small budget just 65 million Euros compared with eight billion Euros City of ParisRegional government!
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