Only Paris
Worthy Of Rome
Only Rome
Worthy Of Paris
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Vieux Lyon (English
Old Lyon) area
Mediaeval
Renaissance quarter of
town
with shops
dining
cobbled streets, France
one of
biggest contributors
European Space Agency
which conceived
Ariane rocket family
launched from French GuianaSince
Middle Ages
France has been
major contributor
scientific
technological achievement
Around
beginning of
11th century
Pope Sylvester II
born Gerbert d'Aurillac
reintroduced
abacus
armillary sphere
introduced Arabic numerals
clocks
Northern
Western EuropeUniversity of Paris
founded
mid-12th century
still one of
most important universities
Western world 17th century
mathematician René Descartes defined
method
acquisition of scientific knowledge
while Blaise Pascal became famous
his work
probability
fluid mechanics
They were both key figures of
Scientific revolution
which blossomed
Europe during this period
Academy of Sciences was founded
Louis XIV
encourage
protect
spirit of French scientific research
was
forefront of scientific developments
Europe
17th
18th centuries
one of
earliest academies of sciencesThe Age of Enlightenment was marked
work of biologist Buffon
chemist Lavoisier
who discovered
role of oxygen
combustion
while Diderot
D'Alembert published
Encyclopédie
which aimed
give access
useful knowledge
people
knowledge that they can apply
their everyday life
With
Industrial Revolution
19th century saw spectacular scientific developments
France with scientists such
Augustin Fresnel
founder of modern optics
Sadi Carnot who laid
foundations of thermodynamics
Louis Pasteur
pioneer of microbiology
Other eminent French scientists of
19th century have their names inscribed
Eiffel TowerFamous French scientists of
20th century include
mathematician
physicist Henri Poincaré
physicists Henri Becquerel
Pierre
Marie Curie
remained famous
their work
radioactivity
physicist Paul Langevin
virologist Luc Montagnier
co-discoverer of HIV AIDS
Hand transplantation was developed
23 September 1998
Lyon
team assembled from different countries around
world including Jean-Michel Dubernard who
shortly thereafter
performed
first successful double hand transplant
Telesurgery was developed
Jacques Marescaux
his team
7 September 2001 across
Atlantic Ocean (New-York-Strasbourg
Lindbergh Operation)face transplant was first done
27 November 2005
Dr Bernard DevauchelleTop view of
ring of European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. As far
French intelligence units
concerned
Directorate-General
External Security (Direction générale de la sécurité extérieure)
considered
be
component of
Armed Forces under
authority of
Ministry of Defence
other
Central Directorate
Interior Intelligence (Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur)
division of
National Police Force (Direction générale de la Police Nationale)
therefore reports directly
Ministry of
Interior
There has been no national conscription since 1997France has
special military corps
French Foreign Legion
founded
1830
which consists of foreign nationals from over 140 countries who
willing
serve
French Armed Forces
become French citizens after
end of their service period
only other countries having similar units
Spain (the Spanish Foreign Legion
called Tercio
was founded
1920)
Luxembourg (foreigners can serve
National Army provided they speak Luxembourgish)France
permanent member of
Security Council of
UN
recognised nuclear state since 1960
France has signed
ratified
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)
acceded
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
France's annual military expenditure
2011 was US$62.5 billion
or 2.3%
of its GDP making
fifth biggest military spender
world after
United States
China
Russia
United KingdomFrench nuclear deterrence
(formerly known
Force de Frappe)
relies
complete independence
current French nuclear force consists of four Triomphant class submarines equipped with submarine-launched ballistic missiles
addition
submarine fleet
estimated that France has about 60 ASMP medium-range air-to-ground missiles with nuclear warheads, of which around 50
deployed
Air Force using
Mirage 2000N long-range nuclear strike aircraft
while around 10
deployed
French Navy's Super Étendard Modernisé (SEM) attack aircraft
which operate from
nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle
new Rafale F3 aircraft will gradually replace all Mirage 2000N
SEM
nuclear strike role with
improved ASMP-A missile with
nuclear warheadFrance has major military industries with one of
largest aerospace industries
world
Its industries have produced such equipment
Rafale fighter
Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier
Exocet missile
Leclerc tank among others
Despite withdrawing from
Eurofighter project
France
actively investing
European joint projects such
Eurocopter Tiger
multipurpose frigates
UCAV demonstrator nEUROn
Airbus A400M
France
major arms seller, with most of its arsenal's designs available
export market with
notable exception of nuclear-powered devicesThe Bastille Day military parade held
Paris each 14 July
France's national day
called Bastille Day
English-speaking countries (referred
France
Fête nationale)
oldest
largest regular military parade
Europe
Other smaller parades
organised across
countryGovernment finance, See also
List of railway stations
Paris Anti-terrorism demonstration
Place de la République after
Charlie Hebdo shooting
11 January 2015. Claude Monet founded
Impressionist movement (Femme avec un parasol
1886
Musée d'Orsay)The 17th century was
period when French painting became prominent
individualised itself through classicism
Louis XIV's prime minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert founded
1648
Royal Academy of Painting
Sculpture
protect these artists
1666 he created
still-active French Academy
Rome
have direct relations with Italian artistsFrench artists developed
rococo style
18th century
more intimate imitation of old baroque style
works of
court-endorsed artists Antoine Watteau
François Boucher
Jean-Honoré Fragonard being
most representative
country
French Revolution brought great changes
Napoleon favoured artists of neoclassic style such
Jacques-Louis David
highly influential Académie des Beaux-Arts defined
style known
Academism
this time France had become
centre of artistic creation
first half of
19th century being dominated
two successive movements
first Romanticism with Théodore Géricault
Eugène Delacroix
Realism with Camille Corot
Gustave Courbet
Jean-François Millet
style that eventually evolved into NaturalismThe Thinker bronze statue from 1902 from
Musée Rodin
Paris, Web@cademie
See also
Marseille-Provence 2013, Palais du Pharo Université Claude Bernard (Lyon 1). The Stade de France was built
1998 FIFA World Cup
listed
UEFA category four stadiumThe French Open
also called Roland-Garros
major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May
early June
Stade Roland-Garros
Paris
premier clay court tennis championship event
world
second of four annual Grand Slam tournamentsRugby union
popular
particularly
Paris
southwest of Francenational rugby union team has competed
every Rugby World Cup
takes part
annual Six Nations Championship
Stemming from
strong domestic league
French rugby team has won 16 Six Nations Championships
including 8 grand slams
has reached
semi-final of
Rugby World Cup 6 times
going
final 3 timesRugby league
France
mostly played
followed
South of France
cities such
Perpignan
Toulouse
Catalans Dragons
Toulouse Olympique
most notable clubs currently playing
Super League
RFL Championship
top-tier rugby league competitions
Europe
Elite One Championship
professional competition
rugby league clubs
FranceIn recent decades
France has produced world-elite basketball players
most notably Tony Parker
French National Basketball Team won gold
FIBA EuroBasket 2013
national team has won two Olympic Silver Medals
2000
1948Paris (French pronunciation
[paʁi] (About this sound listen))
capital
most populous city of France
with
area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles)
population of 2,206,488
With 200,000 inhabitants
1328
Paris
then already
capital of France
was
most populous city of Europe
comparison
London
1300 had 80,000 inhabitants
Since
17th century
Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance
commerce
fashion
science
music
painting
Paris Region had
GDP of €681 billion (US$850 billion)
2016
accounting
31 per cent of
GDP of France2013–2014
Paris Region had
third-highest GDP
world
largest regional GDP
EU
According
Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey
2018
Paris was
second-most expensive city
world
behind Singapore
ahead of Zurich
Hong Kong
Oslo
GenevaThe City of Paris's administrative limits form
East-West oval centred
island
its historical heart
Île de la Cité
this island
near
top of
arc of
river Seine that divides
city into southern Rive Gauche (Left Bank)
northern Rive Droite regions
Paris
core of
built-up area that extends well beyond its limits
commonly referred
agglomération Parisienne
statistically
unité urbaine (a measure of urban area)
Paris agglomeration's 2013 population of 10,601,122 made
largest urban area
European Union.[not
citation given] City-influenced commuter activity reaches well beyond even this
statistical aire urbaine de Paris (a measure of metropolitan area)
that had
2013 population of 12,405,426,
number one-fifth
population of France,
largest metropolitan area
EurozoneThe city
major rail
highway
air-transport hub served
two international airports
Paris-Charles de Gaulle (the second busiest airport
Europe after London Heathrow Airport with 69.5 million passengers
2017)
Paris-Orly
Opened
1900
city's subway system
Paris Métro
serves 5.23 million passengers daily,
second busiest metro system
Europe after Moscow Metro
Paris's Gare du Nord
one of
ten busiest railway stations
world
with 262 million passengers
2015Paris
especially known
its museums
architectural landmarks
Louvre was
most visited art museum
world
2017
with 8.1 million visitorsMusée d'Orsay
Musée de l'Orangerie
noted
their collections of French Impressionist art
Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has
largest collection of modern
contemporary art
Europe
historical district along
Seine
city centre
classified
UNESCO Heritage Site
Popular landmarks
centre of
city include
Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris
Gothic royal chapel of Sainte-Chapelle
both
Île de la Cité
Eiffel Tower
constructed
Paris Universal Exposition of 1889
Grand Palais
Petit Palais
built
Paris Universal Exposition of 1900
Arc de Triomphe
Champs-Élysées
Basilica of Sacré-Coeur
hill of Montmartre
Paris received 23 million visitors
2017
measured
hotel stays
with
largest numbers of foreign visitors coming from
United States
UK
Germany
Chinawas ranked
third most visited travel destination
world
2017
after Bangkok
LondonThe football club Paris Saint-Germain
rugby union club Stade Français
based
Paris
80,000-seat Stade de France
built
1998 FIFA World Cup
located just north of Paris
neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis
Paris hosts
annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament
red clay of Roland Garros
Paris hosted
Olympic Games
1900
1924
will host
2024 Summer Olympics
1938
1998 FIFA World Cups
2007 Rugby World Cup
1960
1984
2016 UEFA European Championships were also held
city and
every July
Tour de France bicycle race finishes thereEtymology. Paris hosts one of
largest science museums
Europe
Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie
La Villette
attracted 2.4 million visitors
2017National Museum of Natural History
Left Bank
attracted 1.76 million visitors
2016
famous
its dinosaur artefacts
mineral collections
its Gallery of Evolution
military history of France
from
Middle Ages
World War II
vividly presented
displays
Musée de l'Armée
Les Invalides
near
tomb of Napoleon
addition
national museums
run
French Ministry of Culture
City of Paris operates 14 museums
including
Carnavalet Museum
history of Paris
Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
Palais de Tokyo
House of Victor Hugo
House of Balzac
Catacombs of Paris
There
also notable private museums
Contemporary Art museum of
Louis Vuitton Foundation
designed
architect Frank Gehry
opened
October 2014
Bois de Boulogne
received 1.4 million visitors
2017Theatre. Main article
Economy of France According
2012 French census
586,163 residents of
City of Paris
or 26.2 percent
2,782,834 residents of
Paris Region (Île-de-France)
or 23.4 percent
were born outside of Metropolitan France (the last figure up from 22.4%
2007 census)26,700 of these
City of Paris
210,159
Paris Region were people born
Overseas France (more than two-thirds of whom
French West Indies)
therefore not counted
immigrants since they were legally French citizens
birthA further 103,648
City of Paris
412,114
Paris Region were born
foreign countries with French citizenship
birth
This concerns
particular
many Christians
Jews from North Africa who moved
France
Paris after
times of independence
not counted
immigrants due
their being born French citizensThe remaining group
people born
foreign countries with no French citizenship
birth
those defined
immigrants under French law
According
2012 census
135,853 residents of
city of Paris were immigrants from Europe
112,369 were immigrants from
Maghreb
70,852 from sub-Saharan Africa
Egypt
5,059 from Turkey
91,297 from Asia (outside Turkey)
38,858 from
Americas
1,365 from
South Pacific
Note that
immigrants from
Americas
South Pacific
Paris
vastly outnumbered
migrants from French overseas regions
territories located
these regions of
worldIn
Paris Region
590,504 residents were immigrants from Europe
627,078 were immigrants from
Maghreb
435,339 from sub-Saharan Africa
Egypt
69,338 from Turkey
322,330 from Asia (outside Turkey)
113,363 from
Americas
2,261 from
South Pacific
These last two groups of immigrants
again vastly outnumbered
migrants from French overseas regions
territories located
Americas
South PacificIn 2012
there were 8,810 British citizens
10,019 US citizens living
City of Paris (Ville de Paris)
20,466 British citizens
16,408 US citizens living
entire Paris Region (Île-de-France)Religion, The entrance
Old Port
flanked
Fort Saint-Jean
Fort Saint-Nicolas; Government Provence-, Musée des Tissus et des Arts décoratifs
decorative arts
textile museum
holds one of
world's largest textile collections with 2,500,000 works, The city of Marseille
divided into 16 municipal arrondissements
which
themselves informally divided into 111 neighbourhoods (French
quartiers)
arrondissements
regrouped
pairs
into 8 sectors
each with
mayor
council (like
arrondissements
Paris
Lyon)
Municipal elections
held every six years
carried out
sector
There
303 councilmembers
total
two-thirds sitting
sector councils
one third
city councilThe 9th arrondissement of Marseille
largest
terms of area because
comprises parts of Calanques National Park
With
population of 89,316 (2007)
13th arrondissement of Marseille
most populous oneFrom 1950
mid-1990s
Marseille was
Socialist (PS)
Communist (PCF) stronghold
Gaston Defferre (PS) was consecutively reelected six times
Mayor of Marseille from 1953 until his death
1986
He was succeeded
Robert Vigouroux of
European Democratic
Social Rally (RDSE)
Jean-Claude Gaudin of
right-wing UMP was elected Mayor of Marseille
1995
Gaudin was reelected
2001
2008
2014In recent years
Communist Party has lost most of its strength
northern boroughs of
city
whereas
National Front has received significant support
last municipal election
2014
Marseille was divided between
northern arrondissements dominated
left (PS)
far-right (FN)
southern part of town dominated
right-wing (UMP)
Marseille
also divided
twelve cantons
each of them sending two members
Departmental Council of
Bouches-du-Rhône departmentList of Mayors of Marseille since
beginning of
20th century; Paris hosted
1900
1924 Summer Olympics
will host
2024 Summer Olympics
Paralympic GamesThe city also hosted
finals of
1938 FIFA World Cup (at
Stade Olympique de Colombes)
well
1998 FIFA World Cup
2007 Rugby World Cup Final (both
Stade de France)
Two UEFA Champions League Finals
current century have also been played
Stade de France
2000
2006 editions
Paris has most recently been
host
UEFA Euro 2016
both
Parc des Princes
city proper
also
Stade de France
with
latter hosting
opening match
finalThe final stage of
most famous bicycle racing
world
Tour de France
always finishes
Paris
Since 1975
race has finished
Champs-ElyséesTennis
another popular sport
Paris
throughout France
French Open
held every year
red clay of
Roland Garros National Tennis Centre,
one of
four Grand Slam events of
world professional tennis tour
17,000-seat Bercy Arena (officially named AccorHotels Arena
formerly known
Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy)
venue
annual Paris Masters ATP Tour tennis tournament
has been
frequent site of national
international tournaments
basketball
boxing
cycling
handball
ice hockey
show jumping
other sports
Bercy Arena also hosted
2017 IIHF World Ice Hockey Championship
together with Cologne
Germany
final stages of
FIBA EuroBasket 1999 were also played
Palais Omnisports de Paris-BercyThe basketball team Levallois Metropolitans plays some of its games
4,000 capacity Stade Pierre de Coubertin
Another top-level professional team
Nanterre 92
plays
NanterreInfrastructure, Main article
Transport
France, International School of Lyon
nearby Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon
The Parisii
sub-tribe of
Celtic Senones
inhabited
Paris area from around
middle of
3rd century BC
One of
area's major north–south trade routes crossed
Seine
île de la Cité
this meeting place of land
water trade routes gradually became
important trading centreParisii traded with many river towns (some
far away
Iberian Peninsula)
minted their own coins
that purposeGold coins minted
Parisii (1st century BC).
Further information
Lyon Metro
Lyon tramway
Trolleybuses
Lyon
Buses
Lyon
Transport
Rhône-Alpes
TER Rhône Alpes, See also
French cuisine, E-Artsup
Mont Blanc
highest summit
Western Europe
marks
border with ItalyThe vast majority of France's territory
population
situated
Western Europe
called Metropolitan France
distinguish
from
country's various overseas polities
bordered
North Sea
north
English Channel
northwest
Atlantic Ocean
west
Mediterranean sea
southeast
land borders consist of Belgium
Luxembourg
northeast
Germany
Switzerland
east
Italy
Monaco
southeast
Andorra
Spain
south
southwest
With
exception of
northeast
most of France's land borders
roughly delineated
natural boundaries
geographic features
south
southeast
Pyrenees
Alps
Jura
respectively
east
Rhine river
Due
its shape
France
often referred
l'Hexagone (The Hexagon)
Metropolitan France includes various coastal islands
of which
largest
Corsica
Metropolitan France
situated mostly between latitudes 41°
51° N
longitudes 6° W
10° E
western edge of Europe
thus lies within
northern temperate zone
Its continental part covers about 1000 km from north
south
from east
westFrance has several overseas regions across
world
which
organised along different. Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
Paris
stone building with slate dome, Marseille
connected
Marseille Métro train system operated
Régie des transports de Marseille (RTM)
consists of two lines
Line 1 (blue) between Castellane
La Rose opened
1977
Line 2 (red) between Sainte-Marguerite-Dromel
Bougainville opened between 1984
1987
extension of
Line 1 from Castellane
La Timone was completed
1992
another extension from La Timone
La Fourragère (2.5 km (1.6 mi)
4 new stations) was opened
May 2010
Métro system operates
turnstile system
with tickets purchased
nearby adjacent automated booths
Both lines of
Métro intersect
Gare Saint-Charles
Castellane
Three bus rapid transit lines
under construction
better connect
Métro
farther places (Castellane -> Luminy
Capitaine Gèze – La Cabucelle -> Vallon des Tuves
La Rose -> Château Gombert – Saint Jérome)The new tramway. The French television series Plus belle la vie
set
imaginary quarter
Le Mistral
of Marseille
filmed
Panier quarter of MarseilleThe Netflix series Marseille
set
city
2010sMain sights, Marseille
television Victor Hugo There
440 km (270 mi) of cycle paths
routes
Paris
These include piste cyclable (bike lanes separated from other traffic
physical barriers such
kerb)
bande cyclable (a bicycle lane denoted
painted path
road)
Some 29 km (18 mi) of specially marked bus lanes
free
be used
cyclists
with
protective barrier protecting against encroachments from vehicles
Cyclists have also been given
right
ride
both directions
certain one-way streets
Paris offers
bike sharing system called Vélib' with more than 20,000 public bicycles distributed
1,800 parking stations, which can be rented
short
medium distances including one way tripsElectricity, Climate Lumière University Pointe Rouge Beach; Marseille's main cultural attraction was
since its creation
end of
18th century
until
late 1970s
Opéra
Located near
Old Port
Canebière
very heart of
city
its architectural style was comparable
classical trend found
other opera houses built
same time
Lyon
Bordeaux
1919
fire almost completely destroyed
house
leaving only
stone colonnade
peristyle from
original façadeclassical façade was restored
opera house reconstructed
predominantly Art Deco style
result of
major competition
Currently
Opéra de Marseille stages six or seven operas each yearSince 1972
Ballet national de Marseille has performed
opera house
its director from its foundation
1998 was Roland PetitPopular events
festivals; Main article
Prehistory of France The most commonly used tarot deck takes its name from
city
has been called
Tarot de Marseille since
1930s—a name coined
commercial use
French cardmaker
cartomancer Paul Marteau
owner of B–P Grimaud
Previously this deck was called Tarot italien (Italian Tarot)
even earlier
was simply called Tarot
Before being de Marseille
was used
play
local variant of tarocchi before
became used
cartomancy
end of
18th century
following
trend set
Antoine Court de Gébelin
name Tarot de Marseille (Marteau used
name ancien Tarot de Marseille) was used
contrast
other types of Tarots such
Tarot de Besançon
those names were simply associated with cities where there were many cardmakers
18th century (previously several cities
France were involved
cardmaking)Another local tradition
making of santons
small hand-crafted figurines
traditional Provençal Christmas creche
Since 1803
starting
last Sunday of November
there has been
Santon Fair
Marseille
currently held
Cours d'Estienne d'Orves
large square off
Vieux-PortOpera! No religion (39.6%), Main article
Religion
Marseille, francophone minorities Main article
Name of France. KEDGE Business School, Originally applied
whole Frankish Empire
name France comes from
Latin Francia
or country of
Franks
Modern France
still named today Francia
Italian
Spanish
Frankreich (Frankish Empire)
German
Frankrijk
Dutch
all of which have more or less
same historical meaningThere
various theories
origin of
name Frank
Following
precedents of Edward Gibbon
Jacob Grimm,
name of
Franks has been linked with
word frank (free)
Englishhas been suggested that
meaning of free was adopted because
after
conquest of Gaul
only Franks were free of taxation
Another theory
that
derived from
Proto-Germanic word frankon
which translates
javelin or lance
throwing axe of
Franks was known
francisca
However
has been determined that these weapons were named because of their use
Franks
not
other way aroundHistory, Marseille
connected
Marseille Métro train system operated
Régie des transports de Marseille (RTM)
consists of two lines
Line 1 (blue) between Castellane
La Rose opened
1977
Line 2 (red) between Sainte-Marguerite-Dromel
Bougainville opened between 1984
1987
extension of
Line 1 from Castellane
La Timone was completed
1992
another extension from La Timone
La Fourragère (2.5 km (1.6 mi)
4 new stations) was opened
May 2010
Métro system operates
turnstile system
with tickets purchased
nearby adjacent automated booths
Both lines of
Métro intersect
Gare Saint-Charles
Castellane
Three bus rapid transit lines
under construction
better connect
Métro
farther places (Castellane -> Luminy
Capitaine Gèze – La Cabucelle -> Vallon des Tuves
La Rose -> Château Gombert – Saint Jérome)The new tramway.
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