Only Paris
Worthy Of Rome
Only Rome
Worthy Of Paris
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See Wiktionary
name of Paris
various languages other than English
FrenchThe name Paris
derived from its early inhabitants
Celtic Parisii tribecity's name
not related
Paris of Greek mythologyParis
often referred
City of Light (La Ville Lumière), both because of its leading role during
Age of Enlightenment
more literally because Paris was one of
first European cities
adopt gas street lighting.[citation needed]
1860s
boulevards
streets of Paris were illuminated
56,000 gas lamps
Since
late 19th century
Paris has also been known
Panam(e) (pronounced [panam])
French slangInhabitants
known
English
Parisians
French
Parisiens ([paʁizjɛ̃] (About this sound listen))
They
also pejoratively called Parigots ([paʁiɡo] (About this sound listen)).[note 1], Marine (blue)
regional (green)
national (red) parks
France. Paris today has more than 421 municipal parks
gardens
covering more than 3,000 hectares
containing more than 250,000 trees.[verification needed] Two of Paris's oldest
most famous gardens
Tuileries Garden
created
1564
Tuileries Palace
redone
André Le Nôtre between 1664
1672,
Luxembourg Garden
Luxembourg Palace
built
Marie de' Medici
1612
which today houses
French SenateJardin des Plantes was
first botanical garden
Paris
created
1626
Louis XIII's doctor Guy de La Brosse
cultivation of medicinal plantsBetween 1853
1870
Emperor Napoleon III
city's first director of parks
gardens
Jean-Charles Alphand
created
Bois de Boulogne
Bois de Vincennes
Parc Montsouris
Parc des Buttes-Chaumont
located
four points of
compass around
city
well
many smaller parks
squares
gardens
Paris's quarters
Since 1977
city has created 166 new parks
most notably
Parc de la Villette (1987)
Parc André Citroën (1992)
Parc de Bercy (1997)
One of
newest parks
Promenade des Berges de la Seine (2013)
built
former highway
Left Bank of
Seine between
Pont de l'Alma
Musée d'Orsay
has floating gardens
gives
view of
city's landmarksCemeteries, painting of Napoleon
1806 standing with hand
vest attended
staff
Imperial guard regiment, Victor Hugo Tour Oxygène
The Maison Carrée was
temple of
Gallo-Roman city of Nemausus (present-day Nîmes)
one of
best-preserved vestiges of
Roman EmpireIn 600 BC
Ionian Greeks
originating from Phocaea
founded
colony of Massalia (present-day Marseille)
shores of
Mediterranean Sea
This makes
France's oldest city same time
some Gallic Celtic tribes penetrated parts of
current territory of France
this occupation spread
rest of France between
5th
3rd century BCThe Roman-era Theatre of Autun (Latin
Augustodunum)
Saône-et-Loire
one of
main historical sites of BurgundyThe concept of Gaul emerged
that time
corresponds
territories of Celtic settlement ranging between
Rhine
Atlantic Ocean
Pyrenees
Mediterranean
borders of modern France
roughly
same
those of ancient Gaul
which was inhabited
Celtic Gauls
Gaul was then
prosperous country
of which
southernmost part was heavily subject
Greek
Roman cultural
economic influencesAround 125 BC
south of Gaul was conquered
Romans
who called this region Provincia Nostra (Our Province)
which over time evolved into
name Provence
French
Julius Caesar conquered
remainder of Gaul
overcame
revolt carried out
Gallic chieftain Vercingetorix
52 BC
Gaul was divided
Augustus into Roman provinces
Many cities were founded during
Gallo-Roman period
including Lugdunum (present-day Lyon)
which
considered
capital of
Gauls
These cities were built
traditional Roman style
with
forum
theatre
circus
amphitheatre
thermal baths
Gauls mixed with Roman settlers
eventually adopted Roman culture
Roman speech (Latin
from which
French language evolved)
Roman polytheism merged with
Gallic paganism into
same syncretismFrom
250s
280s AD
Roman Gaul suffered
serious crisis with its fortified borders being attacked
several occasions
barbarians
Nevertheless
situation improved
first half of
4th century
which was
period of revival
prosperity
Roman Gaul312
Emperor Constantin I converted
Christianity
Subsequently
Christians
who had been persecuted until then
increased rapidly across
entire Roman Empire
But
from
beginning of
5th century
Barbarian Invasions resumed,
Germanic tribes
such
Vandals
Suebi
Alans crossed
Rhine
settled
Gaul
Spain
other parts of
collapsing Roman EmpireEarly Middle Ages (5th century–10th century). This section may be
need of reorganization
comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines
Please help
editing
article
make improvements
overall structure
(June 2017) (Learn how
when
remove this template message), Parc des hauteurs
Fourvières, French territorial evolution from 985
1947The Carolingian dynasty ruled France until 987
when Hugh Capet
Duke of France
Count of Paris
was crowned King of
Franks
His descendants—the Capetians
House of Valois
House of Bourbon—progressively unified
country through wars
dynastic inheritance into
Kingdom of France
which was fully declared
1190
Philip II Augustus
French nobility played
prominent role
most Crusades
order
restore Christian access
Holy Land
French knights made up
bulk of
steady flow of reinforcements throughout
two-hundred-year span of
Crusades
such
fashion that
Arabs uniformly referred
crusaders
Franj caring little whether they really came from FranceFrench Crusaders also imported
French language into
Levant
making French
base of
lingua franca (litt
Frankish language) of
Crusader states
French knights also made up
majority
both
Hospital
Temple orders
latter
particular
held numerous properties throughout France
13th century were
principal bankers
French crown
until Philip IV annihilated
order
1307
Albigensian Crusade was launched
1209
eliminate
heretical Cathars
southwestern area of modern-day France
end
Cathars were exterminated
autonomous County of Toulouse was annexed into
crown lands of France
Later kings expanded their domain
cover over half of modern continental France
including most of
north
centre
west of France
Meanwhile
royal authority became more
more assertive
centred
hierarchically conceived society distinguishing nobility
clergy
commonersCharles IV
Fair died without
heir
1328
Under
rules of
Salic law
crown of France could not pass
woman nor could
line of kingship pass through
female line
Accordingly
crown passed
Philip of Valois
cousin of Charles
rather than through
female line
Charles' nephew
Edward
who would soon become Edward III of England
During
reign of Philip of Valois
French monarchy reached
height of its medieval power
Philip's seat
throne was contested
Edward III of England
1337
eve of
first wave of
Black Death, England
France went
war
what would become known
Hundred Years' Warexact boundaries changed greatly with time
but French landholdings of
English Kings remained extensive
decades
With charismatic leaders
such
Joan of Arc
La Hire
strong French counterattacks won back English continental territories
Like
rest of Europe
France was struck
Black Death
half of
17 million population of France diedEarly modern period (15th century–1789). Map of
City of Lyon divided into 9 arrondissements, Main article
Music of France, Other religion (2.5%). A map of
arrondissements of Paris Outside central Marseille. A central hub of
national rail network
Paris's six major railway stations (Gare du Nord
Gare de l'Est
Gare de Lyon
Gare d'Austerlitz
Gare Montparnasse
Gare Saint-Lazare)
minor one (Gare de Bercy)
connected
three networks
TGV serving four high-speed rail lines
normal speed Corail trains
suburban rails (Transilien)Métro
RER
tramway, Since
late 18th century
Paris has been famous
its restaurants
haute cuisine
food meticulously prepared
artfully presented
luxury restaurant
La Taverne Anglaise
opened
1786
arcades of
Palais-Royal
Antoine Beauvilliers
featured
elegant dining room
extensive menu
linen tablecloths
large wine list
well-trained waiters
became
model
future Paris restaurants
restaurant Le Grand Véfour
Palais-Royal dates from
same periodfamous Paris restaurants of
19th century
including
Café de Paris
Rocher de Cancale
Café Anglais
Maison Dorée
Café Riche
were mostly located near
theatres
Boulevard des Italiens
they were immortalised
novels of Balzac
Émile Zola
Several of
best-known restaurants
Paris today appeared during
Belle Epoque
including Maxim's
Rue Royale
Ledoyen
gardens of
Champs-Élysées
Tour d'Argent
Quai de la TournelleToday
due
Paris's cosmopolitan population
every French regional cuisine
almost every national cuisine
world can be found there
city has more than 9,000 restaurantsMichelin Guide has been
standard guide
French restaurants since 1900
awarding its highest award
three stars
best restaurants
France
2018
of
27 Michelin three-star restaurants
France
ten
located
Paris
These include both restaurants which serve classical French cuisine
such
L'Ambroisie
Place des Vosges
those which serve non-traditional menus
such
L'Astrance
which combines French
Asian cuisines
Several of France's most famous chefs
including Pierre Gagnaire
Alain Ducasse
Yannick Alléno
Alain Passard
have three-star restaurants
ParisLes Deux Magots café
Boulevard Saint-Germain, Theatre traditionally has occupied
large place
Parisian culture
many of its most popular actors today
also stars of French television
oldest
most famous Paris theatre
Comédie-Française
founded
1680
Run
French government
performs mostly French classics
Salle Richelieu
Palais-Royal
2 rue de Richelieu
next
Louvre
of Other famous theatres include
Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe
next
Luxembourg Gardens
also
state institution
theatrical landmark
Théâtre Mogador
Théâtre de la Gaîté-MontparnasseThe music hall
cabaret
famous Paris institutions
Moulin Rouge was opened
1889
was highly visible because of its large red imitation windmill
its roof
became
birthplace of
dance known
French Cancan
helped make famous
singers Mistinguett
Édith Piaf
painter Toulouse-Lautrec
who made posters
venue
1911
dance hall Olympia Paris invented
grand staircase
settling
its shows
competing with its great rival
Folies Bergère
Its stars
1920s included
American singer
dancer Josephine Baker
Later
Olympia Paris presented Dalida
Edith Piaf
Marlene Dietrich
Miles Davis
Judy Garland
Grateful Dead
Casino de Paris presented many famous French singers
including Mistinguett
Maurice Chevalier
Tino Rossi
Other famous Paris music halls include Le Lido
Champs-Élysées
opened
1946
Crazy Horse Saloon
featuring strip-tease
dance
magic
opened
1951
half dozen music halls exist today
Paris
attended mostly
visitors
cityLiterature. Paris
its close suburbs
home
numerous newspapers
magazines
publications including Le Monde
Le Figaro
Libération
Le Nouvel Observateur
Le Canard enchaîné
La Croix
Pariscope
Le Parisien (in Saint-Ouen)
Les Échos
Paris Match (Neuilly-sur-Seine)
Réseaux & Télécoms
Reuters France
L'Officiel des Spectacles
France's two most prestigious newspapers
Le Monde
Le Figaro
centrepieces of
Parisian publishing industry
Agence France-Presse
France's oldest
one of
world's oldest
continually operating news agencies
AFP
colloquially abbreviated
maintains its headquarters
Paris
has since 1835
France 24
television news channel owned
operated
French government
based
Paris
Another news agency
France Diplomatie
owned
operated
Ministry of Foreign
European Affairs
pertains solely
diplomatic news
occurrencesThe most-viewed network
France
TF1
nearby Boulogne-Billancourt
France 2
France 3
Canal+
France 5
M6 (Neuilly-sur-Seine)
Arte
D8
W9
NT1
NRJ 12
La Chaîne parlementaire
France 4
BFM TV
Gulli
other stations located
around
capital
Radio France
France's public radio broadcaster
its various channels
headquartered
Paris's 16th arrondissement
Radio France Internationale
another public broadcaster
also based
city
Paris also holds
headquarters of
La Poste
France's national postal carrierInternational relations, The Historic Site of Lyon was designated
UNESCO World Heritage Site
1998
its designation
UNESCO cited
exceptional testimony
continuity of urban settlement over more than two millennia
site of great commercial
strategic significancespecific regions comprising
Historic Site include
Roman district
Fourvière
Renaissance district (Vieux Lyon)
silk district (slopes of Croix-Rousse)
Presqu'île
which features architecture from
12th century
modern times
Both Vieux Lyon
slopes of Croix-Rousse
known
their narrow passageways (named traboules) that pass through buildings
link streets
either side
first examples of traboules
thought
have been built
Lyon
4th centurytraboules allowed
inhabitants
get from their homes
Saône quickly
allowed
canuts
Croix-Rousse hill
get from their workshops
textile merchants
foot of
hillGastronomy. CorsicaFrench GuianaGuadeloupeMartiniqueMayotteRéunionBelgiumLuxembourgGermanySwitzerlandItalyUnited KingdomAndorraBrazilSurinameSpainChannelBay of Origins In addition Marseille has three grandes écoles.
Musée d'art contemporain de Lyon
contemporary art museum. Main article
Transport
France, Main article
Geography of France, NormandyÎle-de-France Marseille
listed
major centre of art
history
city has many museums
galleries
there
many ancient buildings
churches of historical interestCentral Marseille.
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