Reflections Dental Care Hefner Pointe

Main article History of France, Bastille Day celebration of storming of Bastille 1789 biggest festival city military parade taking place every year 14 July Champs-Élysées from Arc de Triomphe Place de la Concorde includes flypast over Champs Élysées Patrouille de France parade of military units equipment display of fireworks evening most spectacular being one Eiffel TowerSome other yearly festivals Paris-Plages festive event that lasts from mid-July mid-August when Right Bank of Seine converted into temporary beach with sand deck chairs palm trees Journées du Patrimoine Fête de la Musique Techno Parade Nuit Blanche Cinéma au clair de lune Printemps des rues Festival d'automne Fête des jardins Carnaval de Paris one of oldest festivals Paris dates back Middle AgesEducation, Main article Arrondissements of Lyon Dining room of Vagenende. Islam (5.6%), Caves Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil part of UNESCO Prehistoric Sites Decorated Caves of Vézère ValleyGeological formations near Roussillon Vaucluse dating back Post-classical historyMetropolitan France has wide variety of topographical sets natural landscapes Large parts of current territory of France were raised during several tectonic episodes like Hercynian uplift Paleozoic Era during which Armorican Massif Massif Central Morvan Vosges Ardennes ranges island of Corsica were formed These massifs delineate several sedimentary basins such Aquitaine basin southwest Paris basin north latter including several areas of particularly fertile ground such silt beds of Beauce Brie Various routes of natural passage such Rhône valley allow easy communications Alpine Pyrenean Jura mountains much younger have less eroded forms 4,810.45 metres (15,782 ft) above sea level Mont Blanc located Alps French Italian border highest point Western EuropeAlthough 60% of municipalities classified having seismic risks these risks remain moderate coastlines offer contrasting landscapes mountain ranges along French Riviera coastal cliffs such Côte d'Albâtre wide sandy plains Languedoc Corsica lies off Mediterranean coast France has extensive river system consisting of four major rivers Seine Loire Garonne Rhône their tributaries whose combined catchment includes over 62% of metropolitan territory Rhône divides Massif Central from Alps flows into Mediterranean Sea Camargue Other water courses drain towards Meuse Rhine along north-eastern borders France has 11 million square kilometres (4.2×106 sq mi) of marine waters within three oceans under its jurisdiction of which 97% overseasClimate, Most French people of Celtic (Gauls) origin with admixture of Italic (Romans) Germanic (Franks) groups Different regions reflect this diverse heritage with notable Breton elements western France Aquitanian southwest Scandinavian northwest Alemannic northeast Ligurian influence southeast Large-scale immigration over last century half has led more multicultural society 2004 Institut Montaigne estimated that within Metropolitan France 51 million people were White (85% of population) 6 million were Northwest African (10%) 2 million were Black (3.3%) 1 million were Asian (1.7%)A law originating from 1789 revolution reaffirmed 1958 French Constitution makes illegal French state collect data ethnicity ancestry 2008 TeO (Trajectories origins) poll conducted jointly INED French National Institute of Statistics estimated that 5 million people were of Italian ancestry (the largest immigrant community) followed 3 million 6 million people of Northwest African ancestry 2.5 million people of Sub-Saharan African origin 200,000 people of Turkish ancestry There over 500,000 ethnic Armenians France There also sizeable minorities of other European ethnic groups namely Spanish Portuguese Polish GreekFrance has significant Gypsy (Gitan) population numbering between 20,000 400,000 Many foreign Romani people expelled back Bulgaria Romania frequentlyIt currently estimated that 40% of French population descended least partially from different waves of immigration country has received since early 20th century between 1921 1935 alone about 1.1 million net immigrants came Francenext largest wave came 1960s when around 1.6 million pieds noirs returned France following independence of its Northwest African possessions Algeria Morocco They were joined numerous former colonial subjects from North West Africa well numerous European immigrants from Spain PortugalFrance remains major destination immigrants accepting about 200,000 legal immigrants annually also Western Europe's leading recipient of asylum seekers with estimated 50,000 applications 2005 (a 15% decrease from 2004)European Union allows free movement between member states although France established controls curb Eastern European migration immigration remains contentious political issueIn 2008 INSEE estimated that total number of foreign-born immigrants was around 5 million (8% of population) while their French-born descendants numbered 6.5 million or 11% of population Thus nearly fifth of country's population were either first or second-generation immigrants of which more than 5 million were of European origin 4 million of Maghrebi ancestry2008 France granted citizenship 137,000 persons mostly people from Morocco Algeria TurkeyIn 2014 National Institute of Statistics (INSEE its acronym French) published study which reported doubling of number of Spanish immigrants Portuguese Italians France between 2009 2012 According French Institute this increase resulting from financial crisis that hit several European countries that period has pushed up number of Europeans installed France Statistics Spanish immigrants France show growth of 107 percent between 2009 2012 i.e this period went from 5300 11,000 people Of total of 229,000 foreigners who were France 2012 nearly 8% were Portuguese 5% British 5% Spanish 4% Italians 4% Germans 3% Romanians 3% BelgiansMajor cities. See description Paris hosts one of largest science museums Europe Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie La Villette attracted 2.4 million visitors 2017National Museum of Natural History Left Bank attracted 1.76 million visitors 2016 famous its dinosaur artefacts mineral collections its Gallery of Evolution military history of France from Middle Ages World War II vividly presented displays Musée de l'Armée Les Invalides near tomb of Napoleon addition national museums run French Ministry of Culture City of Paris operates 14 museums including Carnavalet Museum history of Paris Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris Palais de Tokyo House of Victor Hugo House of Balzac Catacombs of Paris There also notable private museums Contemporary Art museum of Louis Vuitton Foundation designed architect Frank Gehry opened October 2014 Bois de Boulogne received 1.4 million visitors 2017Theatre, France has close association with Modern Olympic Games was French aristocrat Baron Pierre de Coubertin who suggested Games' revival end of 19th century After Athens was awarded first Games reference Olympics' Greek origins Paris hosted second Games 1900 Paris was first home of International Olympic Committee before moved Lausanne Since 1900 France has hosted Olympics 4 further occasions 1924 Summer Olympics again Paris three Winter Games (1924 Chamonix 1968 Grenoble 1992 Albertville)Similar Olympics France introduced Olympics deaf people (Deaflympics) 1924 with idea of French deaf car mechanic Eugène Rubens-Alcais who paved way organise inaugural edition of Summer Deaflympics ParisZinedine Zidane was named best European footballer of past 50 years 2004 UEFA pollBoth national football team national rugby union team nicknamed Les Bleus reference team's shirt colour well national French tricolour flag Football most popular sport France with over 1,800,000 registered players over 18,000 registered clubsfootball team among most successful world with two FIFA World Cup victories 1998 2018, one FIFA World Cup second place 2006, two UEFA European Championships 1984 2000The top national football club competition Ligue 1 France has produced some of greatest players world including three time FIFA World Player of Year Zinedine Zidane three time Ballon d'Or recipient Michel Platini record holder most goals scored World Cup Just Fontaine first football player receive Légion d'honneur Raymond Kopa record goalscorer French national team Thierry Henrysoccer match Stade de France 1998 FIFA World Cup, The oldest traces of human life what now France date from approximately 1.8 million years ago Humans were then confronted harsh variable climate marked several glacial erasEarly hominids led nomadic hunter-gatherer life France has large number of decorated caves from upper Palaeolithic era including one of most famous best preserved Lascaux (approximately 18,000 BC)At end of last glacial period (10,000 BC) climate became milder from approximately 7,000 BC this part of Western Europe entered Neolithic era its inhabitants became sedentaryAfter strong demographic agricultural development between 4th 3rd millennia metallurgy appeared end of 3rd millennium initially working gold copper bronze later iron France has numerous megalithic sites from Neolithic period including exceptionally dense Carnac stones site (approximately 3,300 BC)Antiquity (6th century BC–5th century AD). Université Jean Moulin (Lyon 3), Le Penseur Auguste Rodin (1902) Musée Rodin ParisIn second part of 19th century France's influence over painting became even more important with development of new styles of painting such Impressionism Symbolism most famous impressionist painters of period were Camille Pissarro Édouard Manet Edgar Degas Claude Monet Auguste Renoirsecond generation of impressionist-style painters Paul Cézanne Paul Gauguin Toulouse-Lautrec Georges Seurat were also avant-garde of artistic evolutions, well fauvist artists Henri Matisse André Derain Maurice de VlaminckAt beginning of 20th century Cubism was developed Georges Braque Spanish painter Pablo Picasso living Paris Other foreign artists also settled worked or near Paris such Vincent van Gogh Marc Chagall Amedeo Modigliani Wassily KandinskyMany museums France entirely or partly devoted sculptures painting works huge collection of old masterpieces created before or during 18th century displayed state-owned Musée du Louvre such Mona Lisa also known La Joconde While Louvre Palace has been long time museum Musée d'Orsay was inaugurated 1986 old railway station Gare d'Orsay major reorganisation of national art collections gather French paintings from second part of 19th century (mainly Impressionism Fauvism movements)Modern works presented Musée National d'Art Moderne which moved 1976 Centre Georges Pompidou These three state-owned museums welcome close 17 million people year Other national museums hosting paintings include Grand Palais (1.3 million visitors 2008) but there also many museums owned cities most visited being Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris (0.8 million entries 2008) which hosts contemporary works Outside Paris all large cities have Museum of Fine Arts with section dedicated European French painting Some of finest collections Lyon Lille Rouen Dijon Rennes GrenobleArchitecture, Only Paris worthy of Rome only Rome worthy of Paris a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a A A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a A a a a A a a A A a a a a a A a a a A a a a a a a a A a a A a a a a a A A a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a A a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A A a a a a a a a a A a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A A a a a a A A a a a a a A a a a a a a A a A a a A a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a A a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a A a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A A a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a A a A a a a a a a a A a a A a a a a a a a a A a A A A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a A a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a A A a a a a a a a a A a a A a a a A a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A A a a a A a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a A a A a a A a a a a a a a a A a A a A A a a a A a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a A a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a A a a a a A a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a A a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a A a a a A a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a A a A a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a A a a A a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a A a A a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a A a a a a A A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A a a a a a a are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are ARE are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are ARE are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are ARE are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are are in in in in in in In In in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in In in In In in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in In in In in in in in in in in in In in in in in IN in in in In In in in In in in In in in in in in in In In in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in In in in In in in in In in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in In In in in in In in in in in in in in In in in in In In in in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in in in In in in In in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in in in In in in in In in in in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in in in in in In in In in in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in In In in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in In in In in in in In In In in in in in in in in in in in In in in In in in in In in in In in in In in in in in in in in in In in in in In in in in in in in in in In in in in in In in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in In in in in in In in in in in in IN In in in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in In in in in in in in in In in in in in in in in in In In In in in in in in in in in In in in In in in in In in in in in in In in in in In in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in In in in In in in in in In In in in in in in in in In in in In in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in In in in in in in in in In in in In in in In In in In In In in in in in in In In in in In in in in In in in in in in in in in In In In in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in In in In in in in in in in in in in in in In In in in in in in in in in in in In in in in In In In in in in in in In in in in in in In in in in in In in in In in in in In in In in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in In in in in in In in In in in In in In in in in in in in in in in in In in in in In in in in in In in in in in in in in in in In in In in in in in In in in in in In in in In In in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in In in in in in in in in in In in In In In in In in In In In in in in in in in in in In in In in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in In In In in in in In In in In in in in in in in In in in in In in in in in in in in in In In in in in in in In In in in in in in In in in in in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in In in in in in In in In in in in in in In In in In In in in in in in in in in in in in In In in in in in in in in In in in in in In in In in In in In In in in in in in in in in In in in in in In In in in on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on On on on on On on on on on on On On on on on on on On on on On on on On on On on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on On on on on on on On on on on on On On on on on On on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On On on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on On on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on On on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On On on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on On on On on on on On on on on on On on On on On On on on on on on on on on on On On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on on an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an An an An an an an an an an an An an an an an an An an an an an An an An an an an an an an an an an an An An an an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an an an An an an an an an an an an an An an an an an an an an An an an an An An an an an an an an An an An an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an an An an an an an An an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an an an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an an an an an an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an An an an an an an an an an an an an an an an is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is IS is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is Is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is Is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is IS IS is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is IS is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is is to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to To to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to To to to to to to To to to to to to to to to to to to to to To to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to it it it it it it it it It it it it it it it it it It it it it It it It it It it it It it it It it it it it it it it it it it It It it It It It it it it It It it it it it It it it it it it it It It it it it it It it It it it it It it it it it it It it it it it it it it it it it it it it it It it it it it it it it It it it it it it It it it It it it It It It it it it It It It it it it it it it it It it it it it it it it it It It it it it it It It it it it it it It It It it it it it It it It It it it it it it it it it it it It it It it it it It It It it It it IT it It it It it It it It it it it it it it It it It it It It it it it it it it it It it It it it it it it it it it it it it It it it It it It it It it it it It it It it it it it It it It it it it it it It it it it it it it it it it it it it it it It it It it IT it it it it it it it it it It It it It It it it It It it it It It it it it it it it it it it it it it it the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the The the the the the The the The the the the the the the the the the The The the the the The the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the the the the the the the The the the the The The the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the The the the the the the The The the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the The the the the the the the The the the the the The the The The the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the The the the The the the the the the The the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the the The the the the The The the the the the the The the the the The the The the the the the the the the the the the the the The the The The the The the The the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the The the the the the the the The the the the the the the The the the the the the the the The the The the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the the the The the the the the the the The the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the the the the the the The the the the The the the the the the the The the the The the the the the The the The The the the The the the the the the The the the the the The the The the the the the the the the the the the the The the the The the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the The the the the the the the The the the the the the the the The The the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the the the the The the The The the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the the The the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the The The the the the the the the The the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the The the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the The The The the the the the the the the the the The the the the The The the the The the The the The the The the the the The the the The the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the The the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as As as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as As as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as As as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as As as as as as as as as As as as As as as as as as as as as as as as as As as as as as as as as as as as as as as As as as as as as as as as as as as As as as as as as as as as as as as As as as as as as as as as as as as as As as as As as as as as as as as AS as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as AS as as as as as as as As as as as as as as as as as As as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as As as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as As as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as As as as as as as as as As as as by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by By by by by by by by by by by by By by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by By by by by by by by by By by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by By by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by By by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by By by by by By by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by By by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by By by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by By by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by By By by by By by by by by by by by by by by by By by by by by by BY by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by By by by by by by By by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by By by by by By by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by By by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and And and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and AND and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and AND and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and And and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and AND and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and And and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and AND and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for For for for for for for For for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For For for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for For For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for For for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for For for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for For for For for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for For for for for for for for for for for For for for for for For for for for for for for for for For for for for for for For for for For for for for for for for for for For For for For for for for for for For for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for For for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for For for for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for FOR for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for For for for for for for for for for for for for For for For for for for for for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for for for for For for for for for for for For for for for for for for at at at at at at at at at at at at at At at at at at at at at at at at At at at at at at at at at at at at At at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at At at at at at at At At at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at At at at at at at At at at at at at at at at and and and and and and and and and and and by by by by by by by by by by by by by by by as as as As as as as as as as as the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The the the the the the the the the the it it it it it It to to to is is is an An an an an an an an on on on on on on On on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on on on on on on on on on on on On on on are are a a a a a a a a a a a a a! Jewish (52,000) During Restoration bridges squares of Paris were returned their pre-Revolution names but July Revolution of 1830 Paris (commemorated July Column Place de la Bastille) brought constitutional monarch Louis Philippe I power first railway line Paris opened 1837 beginning new period of massive migration from provinces city Louis-Philippe was overthrown popular uprising streets of Paris 1848 His successor Napoleon III newly appointed prefect of Seine Georges-Eugène Haussmann launched gigantic public works project build wide new boulevards new opera house central market new aqueducts sewers parks including Bois de Boulogne Bois de Vincennes1860 Napoleon III also annexed surrounding towns created eight new arrondissements expanding Paris its current limitsIn 1860s Paris streets monuments were illuminated 56,000 gas lamps giving name The City of LightDuring Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) Paris was besieged Prussian army After months of blockade hunger then bombardment Prussians city was forced surrender 28 January 1871 28 March revolutionary government called Paris Commune seized power Paris Commune held power two months until was harshly suppressed French army during Bloody Week end of May 1871The Eiffel Tower under construction November 1888 startled Parisians – world – with its modernityLate 19th century Paris hosted two major international expositions 1889 Universal Exposition was held mark centennial of French Revolution featured new Eiffel Tower 1900 Universal Exposition which gave Paris Pont Alexandre III Grand Palais Petit Palais first Paris Métro line Paris became laboratory of Naturalism (Émile Zola) Symbolism (Charles Baudelaire Paul Verlaine) of Impressionism art (Courbet Manet Monet Renoir)20th 21st centuries, In addition 18 regions 101 departments French Republic has five overseas collectivities (French Polynesia Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre Miquelon Wallis Futuna) one sui generis collectivity (New Caledonia) one overseas territory (French Southern Antarctic Lands) one island possession Pacific Ocean (Clipperton Island)Overseas collectivities territories form part of French Republic but do not form part of European Union or its fiscal area (with exception of St Bartelemy which seceded from Guadeloupe 2007) Pacific Collectivities (COMs) of French Polynesia Wallis Futuna New Caledonia continue use CFP franc whose value strictly linked that of euro contrast five overseas regions used French franc now use eurodiagram of overseas territories of France showing map shapes.

With 6 millions tourists year castles of Loire Valley (French châteaux) Loire Valley itself third leading tourist destination France this World Heritage Site noteworthy its architectural heritage its historic towns but particular its castles such Châteaux d'Amboise de Chambord d'Ussé de Villandry Chenonceau Montsoreau Château de Chantilly Versailles Vaux-le-Vicomte all three located near Paris also visitor attractionsUNESCO World Heritage Sites protected areas, École des Beaux-Arts Lascaux cave paintings horse from Dordogne facing right brown white background, Magdalena Frackowiak Paris Fashion Week (Fall 2011). Starting 1903 Tour de France oldest most prestigious of Grands Tours world's most famous cycling racePopular sports played France include football judo tennis, rugby pétanque France has hosted events such 1938 1998 FIFA World Cups, 2007 Rugby World Cup, will host 2023 Rugby World Cup country also hosted 1960 European Nations' Cup UEFA Euro 1984 UEFA Euro 2016 Stade de France Saint-Denis France's largest stadium was venue 1998 FIFA World Cup 2007 Rugby World Cup finals Since 1903 France hosts annual Tour de France most famous road bicycle race world France famous its 24 Hours of Le Mans sports car endurance race Several major tennis tournaments take place France including Paris Masters French Open one of four Grand Slam tournaments French martial arts include Savate FencingPierre de Coubertin father of modern Olympic Games.