Italy Rome
Italy
1956 Only Paris
Worthy Of Rome
Only Rome
Worthy Of Paris
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
ARE
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
ARE
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
ARE
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
Are
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
IN
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
IN
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
IS
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
IS
IS
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
IS
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
Is
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
IT
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
IT
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
AS
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
AS
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
BY
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
AND
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
AND
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
AND
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
AND
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
FOR
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
For
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
At
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
And
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
As
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
It
It
It
It
It
It
To
To
To
Is
Is
Is
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
An
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
On
Are
Are
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
From left
right
La Joliette neighbourhood (old docks)
ferry ship docks
new port
Euroméditerranée business district (CMA CGM Tower)
surrounding areas drawing of
Storming of
Bastille
14 July 1789
smoke of gunfire enveloping stone castle. Main article
Economy of Paris, Main article
Music of France France has been
centre of Western cultural development
centuries
Many French artists have been among
most renowned of their time
France
still recognised
world
its rich cultural traditionThe successive political regimes have always promoted artistic creation
creation of
Ministry of Culture
1959 helped preserve
cultural heritage of
country
make
available
public
Ministry of Culture has been very active since its creation
granting subsidies
artists
promoting French culture
world
supporting festivals
cultural events
protecting historical monuments
French government also succeeded
maintaining
cultural exception
defend audiovisual products made
countryFrance receives
highest number of tourists per year
largely thanks
numerous cultural establishments
historical buildings implanted all over
territory
counts 1,200 museums welcoming more than 50 million people annuallymost important cultural sites
run
government
instance through
public agency Centre des monuments nationaux
which
responsible
approximately 85 national historical monumentsThe 43,180 buildings protected
historical monuments include mainly residences (many castles)
religious buildings (cathedrals
basilicas
churches)
but also statutes
memorials
gardens
UNESCO inscribed 41 sites
France
World Heritage ListArt. Cité Scolaire Internationale de Lyon or
Lycée de Gerland
Main article
Climate of Paris; Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon houses
Musée des Hospices Civils
permanent exhibit tracing
history
practice of medicine from
Middle Ages
modern times
As far
French intelligence units
concerned
Directorate-General
External Security (Direction générale de la sécurité extérieure)
considered
be
component of
Armed Forces under
authority of
Ministry of Defence
other
Central Directorate
Interior Intelligence (Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur)
division of
National Police Force (Direction générale de la Police Nationale)
therefore reports directly
Ministry of
Interior
There has been no national conscription since 1997France has
special military corps
French Foreign Legion
founded
1830
which consists of foreign nationals from over 140 countries who
willing
serve
French Armed Forces
become French citizens after
end of their service period
only other countries having similar units
Spain (the Spanish Foreign Legion
called Tercio
was founded
1920)
Luxembourg (foreigners can serve
National Army provided they speak Luxembourgish)France
permanent member of
Security Council of
UN
recognised nuclear state since 1960
France has signed
ratified
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)
acceded
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
France's annual military expenditure
2011 was US$62.5 billion
or 2.3%
of its GDP making
fifth biggest military spender
world after
United States
China
Russia
United KingdomFrench nuclear deterrence
(formerly known
Force de Frappe)
relies
complete independence
current French nuclear force consists of four Triomphant class submarines equipped with submarine-launched ballistic missiles
addition
submarine fleet
estimated that France has about 60 ASMP medium-range air-to-ground missiles with nuclear warheads, of which around 50
deployed
Air Force using
Mirage 2000N long-range nuclear strike aircraft
while around 10
deployed
French Navy's Super Étendard Modernisé (SEM) attack aircraft
which operate from
nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle
new Rafale F3 aircraft will gradually replace all Mirage 2000N
SEM
nuclear strike role with
improved ASMP-A missile with
nuclear warheadFrance has major military industries with one of
largest aerospace industries
world
Its industries have produced such equipment
Rafale fighter
Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier
Exocet missile
Leclerc tank among others
Despite withdrawing from
Eurofighter project
France
actively investing
European joint projects such
Eurocopter Tiger
multipurpose frigates
UCAV demonstrator nEUROn
Airbus A400M
France
major arms seller, with most of its arsenal's designs available
export market with
notable exception of nuclear-powered devicesThe Bastille Day military parade held
Paris each 14 July
France's national day
called Bastille Day
English-speaking countries (referred
France
Fête nationale)
oldest
largest regular military parade
Europe
Other smaller parades
organised across
countryGovernment finance. Drawing of
Storming of
Bastille
14 July 1789
smoke of gunfire enveloping stone castle drawing of
Storming of
Bastille
14 July 1789
smoke of gunfire enveloping stone castle. By 1901
population of Paris had grown
2,715,000 beginning of
century
artists from around
world including
Pablo Picasso
Modigliani
Henri Matisse made Paris their home
was
birthplace of Fauvism
Cubism
abstract art,
authors such
Marcel Proust were exploring new approaches
literatureDuring
First World War
Paris sometimes found itself
front line
600
1,000 Paris taxis played
small but highly important symbolic role
transporting 6,000 soldiers
front line
First Battle of
Marne
city was also bombed
Zeppelins
shelled
German long-range guns years after
war
known
Les Années Folles
Paris continued
be
mecca
writers
musicians
artists from around
world
including Ernest Hemingway
Igor Stravinsky
James Joyce
Josephine Baker
Sidney Bechet
surrealist Salvador DalíIn
years after
peace conference
city was also home
growing numbers of students
activists from French colonies
other Asian
African countries
who later became leaders of their countries
such
Ho Chi Minh
Zhou Enlai
Léopold Sédar SenghorGeneral Charles de Gaulle
Champs-Élysées celebrating
liberation of Paris (26 August 1944), IDRAC (International School of Management), Main article
French cuisine Église Saint-Paul
Romanesque (12th
13th century)
Gothic (15th–16th century) church.
Bourgogne- Saint Louis' Sainte Chapelle represents
French impact
religious architectureDuring
Middle Ages
many fortified castles were built
feudal nobles
mark their powers
Some French castles that survived
Chinon
Château d'Angers
massive Château de Vincennes
so-called Cathar castles
During this era
France had been using Romanesque architecture like most of Western Europe
Some of
greatest examples of Romanesque churches
France
Saint Sernin Basilica
Toulouse
largest romanesque church
Europe,
remains of
Cluniac AbbeyThe Gothic architecture
originally named Opus Francigenum meaning French work, was born
Île-de-France
was
first French style of architecture
be copied
all Europe
Northern France
home of some of
most important Gothic cathedrals
basilicas
first of these being
Saint Denis Basilica (used
royal necropolis)
other important French Gothic cathedrals
Notre-Dame de Chartres
Notre-Dame d'Amiens
kings were crowned
another important Gothic church
Notre-Dame de Reims
Aside from churches
Gothic Architecture had been used
many religious palaces
most important one being
Palais des Papes
AvignonThe final victory
Hundred Years' War marked
important stage
evolution of French architecture
was
time of
French Renaissance
several artists from Italy were invited
French court
many residential palaces were built
Loire Valley
from 1450 with
first reference
Château de Montsoreau
Such residential castles were
Château de Chambord
Château de Chenonceau
or
Château d'AmboisePlace de la Bourse
Bordeaux
example of French baroque architectureFollowing
renaissance
end of
Middle Ages
Baroque architecture replaced
traditional Gothic style
However
France
baroque architecture found
greater success
secular domain than
religious one secular domain
Palace of Versailles has many baroque features
Jules Hardouin Mansart
who designed
extensions
Versailles
was one of
most influential French architect of
baroque era
he
famous
his dome
Les Invalides
Some of
most impressive provincial baroque architecture
found
places that were not yet French such
Place Stanislas
Nancy
military architectural side
Vauban designed some of
most efficient fortresses
Europe
became
influential military architect
result
imitations of his works can be found all over Europe
Americas
Russia
TurkeyOpéra Garnier interior showing chandeliers
gilded decoration. Église Saint-Polycarpe (1665–1670)
Classical church, Place des Vosges, ISARA (Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture Rhône Alpes)
Main article
List of French inventions
discoveries. Muslim (200,000) Eugène Delacroix's Liberty Leading
People (1830) portrays
July Revolution using
stylistic views of Romanticism
Since Liberty
part of
motto Liberté
égalité
fraternité
French put it
this painting has become
primary symbol of
French Republic, Maison Carrée temple
Nemausus Corinthian columns
portico. Main article
French art On 14 June 1940
German army marched into Paris
which had been declared
open city16–17 July 1942
following German orders
French police
gendarmes arrested 12,884 Jews
including 4,115 children
confined them during five days
Vel d'Hiv (Vélodrome d'Hiver)
from which they were transported
train
extermination camp
Auschwitz
None of
children came back25 August 1944
city was liberated
French 2nd Armoured Division
4th Infantry Division of
United States Army
General Charles de Gaulle led
huge
emotional crowd down
Champs Élysées towards Notre Dame de Paris
made
rousing speech from
Hôtel de VilleIn
1950s
1960s
Paris became one front of
Algerian War
independence
August 1961
pro-independence FLN targeted
killed 11 Paris policemen
leading
imposition of
curfew
Muslims of Algeria (who
that time
were French citizens)
17 October 1961
unauthorised but peaceful protest demonstration of Algerians against
curfew led
violent confrontations between
police
demonstrators
which
least 40 people were killed
including some thrown into
Seine
anti-independence Organisation armée secrète (OAS)
their part
carried out
series of bombings
Paris throughout 1961
1962In May 1968
protesting students occupied
Sorbonne
put up barricades
Latin Quarter
Thousands of Parisian blue-collar workers joined
students
movement grew into
two-week general strike
Supporters of
government won
June elections
large majority
May 1968 events
France resulted
break-up of
University of Paris into 13 independent campuses1975
National Assembly changed
status of Paris
that of other French cities and
25 March 1977
Jacques Chirac became
first elected mayor of Paris since 1793Tour Maine-Montparnasse
tallest building
city
57 storeys
210 metres (689 feet) high
was built between 1969
1973
was highly controversial
remains
only building
centre of
city over 32 storeys highpopulation of Paris dropped from 2,850,000
1954
2,152,000
1990
middle-class families moved
suburbssuburban railway network
RER (Réseau Express Régional)
was built
complement
Métro
Périphérique expressway encircling
city
was completed
1973Most of
postwar's Presidents of
Fifth Republic wanted
leave their own monuments
Paris
President Georges Pompidou started
Centre Georges Pompidou (1977)
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing began
Musée d'Orsay (1986)
President François Mitterrand
power
14 years
built
Opéra Bastille (1985–1989)
new site of
Bibliothèque nationale de France (1996)
Arche de la Défense (1985–1989)
Louvre Pyramid with its underground courtyard (1983–1989)
Jacques Chirac (2006)
Musée du quai BranlyIn
early 21st century
population of Paris began
increase slowly again
more young people moved into
city
reached 2.25 million
2011
March 2001
Bertrand Delanoë became
first Socialist Mayor of Paris
2007
effort
reduce car traffic
city
he introduced
Vélib'
system which rents bicycles
use of local residents
visitors
Bertrand Delanoë also transformed
section of
highway along
Left Bank of
Seine into
urban promenade
park
Promenade des Berges de la Seine
which he inaugurated
June 2013In 2007
President Nicolas Sarkozy launched
Grand Paris project
integrate Paris more closely with
towns
region around it
After many modifications
new area
named
Metropolis of Grand Paris
with
population of 6.7 million
was created
1 January 20162011
City of Paris
national government approved
plans
Grand Paris Express
totalling 205 kilometres (127 miles) of automated metro lines
connect Paris
innermost three departments around Paris
airports
high-speed rail (TGV) stations
estimated cost of €35 billionsystem
scheduled
be completed
2030On 5 April 2014
Anne Hidalgo
Socialist
was elected
first female Mayor of ParisTerrorist attacks. 5th arrondissement
Vieux Lyon (Saint-Paul
Saint-Jean
Saint-Georges)
Saint-Just
Saint-Irénée, Fourvière
Point du Jour
Ménival
Battières
Champvert (south), Paris skyline
2014 Main articles
Francia
Merovingian dynasty
Carolingian dynasty Chanel's headquarters storefront window
Place Vendôme Paris with awning. Musée des Automates
museum of automated puppets
Vieux Lyon
open since 1991Parks
gardens.
Wyrsch Hobbs Mirakian PC