Only Paris
Worthy Of Rome
Only Rome
Worthy Of Paris
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The city
also
most important hub of France's motorway network
surrounded
three orbital freeways
Périphérique, which follows
approximate path of 19th-century fortifications around Paris
A86 motorway
inner suburbs
finally
Francilienne motorway
outer suburbs
Paris has
extensive road network with over 2,000 km (1,243 mi) of highways
motorwaysWaterways. Marseille
major French centre
trade
industry
with excellent transportation infrastructure (roads
sea port
airport)
Marseille Provence Airport
fourth largest
France
May 2005
French financial magazine L'Expansion named Marseille
most dynamic of France's large cities
citing figures showing that 7,200 companies had been created
city since 2000
Marseille
also France's second largest research centre with 3,000 research scientists within Aix Marseille University.[citation needed]
of 2014
Marseille metropolitan area had
GDP amounting
$60.3 billion
or $36,127 per capita (purchasing power parity)Port. The 19th-century Basilica of Notre-Dame de la Garde
enormous Romano-Byzantine basilica built
architect Espérandieu
hills
south of
Old Port
terrace offers spectacular panoramic views of Marseille
its surroundingsThe Stade Vélodrome
home stadium of
city's main football team
Olympique de MarseilleThe Unité d'Habitation
influential
iconic modernist building designed
Swiss architect Le Corbusier
1952
third floor
gastronomic restaurant
Le Ventre de l'Architecte
roof
contemporary gallery MaMo opened
2013The Docks de Marseille
19th-century warehouse transformed into officesThe Pharo Gardens
park with views of
Mediterranean
Old PortThe Corniche
picturesque waterfront road between
Old Port
Bay of MarseilleThe beaches
Prado
Pointe Rouge
Les Goudes
Callelongue
Le ProphèteThe Calanques
wild mountainous coastal area of outstanding natural beauty accessible from Callelongue
Sormiou
Morgiou
Luminy
Cassis
Calanques National Park became France's tenth national park
2012The islands of
Frioul archipelago
Bay of Marseille
accessible
ferry from
Old Port
prison of Château d'If was one of
settings
Count of Monte Cristo
novel
Alexandre Dumasneighbouring islands of Ratonneau
Pomègues
joined
man-made breakwater
site of
former garrison
quarantine hospital
these islands
also of interest
their marine wildlifeEducation
research, Main article
Transport
France see description Ombrosa. Twin towns
partner cities, The security of Paris
mainly
responsibility of
Prefecture of Police of Paris
subdivision of
Ministry of
Interior of France
supervises
units of
National Police who patrol
city
three neighbouring departments
also responsible
providing emergency services
including
Paris Fire Brigade
Its headquarters
Place Louis Lépine
Île de la CitéThere
30,200 officers under
prefecture
fleet of more than 6,000 vehicles
including police cars
motorcycles
fire trucks
boats
helicopters
addition
traditional police duties
local police monitors
number of discount sales held
large stores (no more than two
year
allowed)
verify that during summer holidays
least one bakery
open
every neighbourhoodnational police has its own special unit
riot control
crowd control
security of public buildings
called
Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité (CRS)
unit formed
1944 right after
liberation of France
Vans of CRS agents
frequently seen
centre of
city when there
demonstrations
public eventsThe police
supported
National Gendarmerie
branch of
French Armed Forces
though their police operations now
supervised
Ministry of
Interior
traditional kepis of
gendarmes were replaced
2002 with caps
force modernised
though they still wear kepis
ceremonial occasionsCrime
Paris
similar
that
most large cities
Violent crime
relatively rare
city centre
Political violence
uncommon
though very large demonstrations may occur
Paris
other French cities simultaneously
These demonstrations
usually managed
strong police presence
can turn confrontational
escalate into violenceCityscape, According
Article 2 of
Constitution
official language of France
French,
Romance language derived from Latin
Since 1635
Académie française has been France's official authority
French language
although its recommendations carry no legal weight
There
also regional languages spoken
France
such
Occitan
Breton
Catalan
Flemish (Dutch dialect)
Alsatian (German dialect)
Basque
others
(see Languages of France) Italian was
official language of Corsica until May 9
1859The French government does not regulate
choice of language
publications
individuals but
use of French
required
law
commercial
workplace communications
addition
mandating
use of French
territory of
Republic
French government tries
promote French
European Union
globally through institutions such
La Francophonie
perceived threat from anglicisation has prompted efforts
safeguard
position of
French language
France
Besides French
there exist 77 vernacular minority languages of France
eight spoken
French metropolitan territory
69
French overseas territoriesFrom
17th
mid-20th century
French served
pre-eminent international language of diplomacy
international affairs
well
lingua franca among
educated classes of Europedominant position of French language
international affairs was overtaken
English
since
emergence of
US
major powerFor most of
time
which French served
international lingua franca
was not
native language of most Frenchmen
report
1794 conducted
Henri Grégoire found that of
country's 25 million people
only three million spoke French natively
rest spoke one of
country's many regional languages
such
Alsatian
Breton or Occitan
Through
expansion of public education
which French was
sole language of instruction
well
other factors such
increased urbanisation
rise of mass communication
French gradually came
be adopted
virtually
entire population
process not completed until
20th centuryAs
result of France's extensive colonial ambitions between
17th
20th centuries
French was introduced
Americas
Africa
Polynesia
South-East Asia
Caribbean
French
second most studied foreign language
world after English,
lingua franca
some regions
notably
Africa
legacy of French
living language outside Europe
mixed
nearly extinct
some former French colonies (The Levant
South
Southeast Asia)
while creoles
pidgins based
French have emerged
French departments
West Indies
South Pacific (French Polynesia)
other hand
many former French colonies have adopted French
official language
total number of French speakers
increasing
especially
AfricaIt
estimated that between 300 million
500 million people worldwide can speak French
either
mother tongue or
second languageAccording
2007 Adult Education survey
part of
project
European Union
carried
France
Insee
based
sample of 15,350 persons
French was
first mother tongue of 87.2% of
total population
or roughly 55.81 million people
followed
Arabic (3.6%
2.30 million)
Portuguese (1.5%
0.96 million)
Spanish (1.2%
0.77 million)
Italian (1.0%
0.64 million)
People who had other languages
their mother tongue made up
5.2% of
populationReligion. Animated gif showing expansion of Franks across Europe Emmanuel Macron Main article
French Armed Forces In
20th century
Paris literary community was dominated
figures such
Colette
André Gide
François Mauriac
André Malraux
Albert Camus
and
after World War II
Simone de Beauvoir
Jean-Paul Sartre
Between
wars
was
home of many important expatriate writers
including Ernest Hemingway
Samuel Beckett
and
1970s
Milan Kundera
winner of
2014 Nobel Prize
Literature
Patrick Modiano (who lives
Paris)
based most of his literary work
depiction of
city during World War II
1960s–1970sParis
city of books
bookstores
1970s
80 percent of French-language publishing houses were found
Paris
almost all
Left Bank
5th
6th
7th arrondissements
Since that time
because of high prices
some publishers have moved out
less expensive areas also
city of small bookstores
There
about 150 bookstores
5th arrondissement alone
plus another 250 book stalls along
Seine
Small Paris bookstores
protected against competition from discount booksellers
French law
books
even e-books
cannot be discounted more than five percent below their publisher's cover priceMusic! Marseille was originally founded circa 600 BC
Greek colony of Massalia
populated
settlers from Phocaea (modern Foça
Turkey)
became
preeminent Greek polis
Hellenized region of southern Gaul
city-state sided with
Roman Republic against Carthage during
Second Punic War (218-201 BC)
retaining its independence
commercial empire throughout
western Mediterranean even
Rome expanded into Western Europe
North Africa
However
city lost its independence following
Roman Siege of Massilia
49 BC
during Caesar's Civil War
which Massalia sided with
exiled faction
war with Julius CaesarMarseille continued
prosper
Roman city
becoming
early center of Christianity during
Western Roman Empire
city maintained its position
premier maritime trading hub even after its capture
Visigoths
5th century AD
although
city went into decline following
sack of 739 AD
forces of Charles Martel
became part of
County of Provence during
10th century
although its renewed prosperity was curtailed
Black Death of
14th century
sack of
city
Crown of Aragon
1423
city's fortunes rebounded with
ambitious building projects of René of Anjou
Count of Provence
who strengthened
city's fortifications during
mid-15th century
During
16th century
city hosted
naval fleet with
combined forces of
Franco-Ottoman alliance
which threatened
ports
navies of Genoa
Holy Roman EmpireMarseille lost
significant portion of its population during
Great Plague of Marseille
1720
but
population had recovered
mid century
1792
city became
focal point of
French Revolution
was
birthplace of France's national anthem
La Marseillaise
Industrial Revolution
establishment of
French Empire during
19th century allowed
further expansion of
city
although
was occupied
German Wehrmacht
November 1942
subsequently heavily damaged during World War II
city has since become
major center
immigrant communities from former French colonies
such
French AlgeriaEconomy, Cathedral of St
John
medieval church with architectural elements of
13th
14th
15th centuries
also
principal religious structure
city
seat of
Archbishop of Lyon. Network of highways around Lyon, The sectors
arrondissements of Marseille, Undecided (0.4%).
Paul Cézanne's
Bay of Marseille
Seen from L'Estaque, See also
Taxation
France, See also
Marseille-Provence 2013; Main article
List of museums
Paris, Outside central Marseille Autumn
Paris Ancient Lyon. See also
Taxation
France Main articles
Francia
Merovingian dynasty
Carolingian dynasty Main articles
History of France § Revolutionary France (1789–1799)
French Revolution. Islam (5.6%) Palais du Pharo masthead of Le Figaro newspaper Paris has
typical Western European oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification
Cfb) which
affected
North Atlantic Current
overall climate throughout
year
mild
moderately wet
Summer days
usually warm
pleasant with average temperatures between 15
25 °C (59
77 °F)
fair amount of sunshine
Each year
however
there
few days when
temperature rises above 32 °C (90 °F)
Longer periods of more intense heat sometimes occur
such
heat wave of 2003 when temperatures exceeded 30 °C (86 °F)
weeks
reached 40 °C (104 °F)
some days
seldom cooled down
night
Spring
autumn have
average
mild days
fresh nights but
changing
unstable
Surprisingly warm or cool weather occurs frequently
both seasonswinter
sunshine
scarce
days
cool
nights cold but generally above freezing with low temperatures around 3 °C (37 °F)
Light night frosts
however quite common
but
temperature will dip below −5 °C (23 °F)
only
few days
year
Snow falls every year
but rarely stays
ground
city sometimes sees light snow or flurries with or without accumulationParis has
average annual precipitation of 641 mm (25.2 in)
experiences light rainfall distributed evenly throughout
year
However
city
known
intermittent abrupt heavy showers
highest recorded temperature
40.4 °C (104.7 °F)
28 July 1947
lowest
−23.9 °C (−11.0 °F)
10 December 1879Climate data
Paris (Parc Montsouris)
1981–2010 averages
extremes 1872–present; Tour métallique de Fourvière (1894)
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