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French Territorial Evolution From 985 1947The Carolingian Dynasty Ruled France Until 987 When Hugh Capet Duke Of France Count Of Paris Was Crowned King Of Franks His Descendants—the Capetians House Of Valois House Of Bourbon—progressively Unified Country Through Wars Dynastic Inheritance Into Kingdom Of France Which Was Fully Declared 1190 Philip II Augustus French Nobility Played Prominent Role Most Crusades Order Restore Christian Access Holy Land French Knights Made Up Bulk Of Steady Flow Of Reinforcements Throughout Two-hundred-year Span Of Crusades Such Fashion That Arabs Uniformly Referred Crusaders Franj Caring Little Whether They Really Came From FranceFrench Crusaders Also Imported French Language Into Levant Making French Base Of Lingua Franca (litt Frankish Language) Of Crusader States French Knights Also Made Up Majority Both Hospital Temple Orders Latter Particular Held Numerous Properties Throughout France 13th Century Were Principal Bankers French Crown Until Philip IV Annihilated Order 1307 Albigensian Crusade Was Launched 1209 Eliminate Heretical Cathars Southwestern Area Of Modern-day France End Cathars Were Exterminated Autonomous County Of Toulouse Was Annexed Into Crown Lands Of France Later Kings Expanded Their Domain Cover Over Half Of Modern Continental France Including Most Of North Centre West Of France Meanwhile Royal Authority Became More More Assertive Centred Hierarchically Conceived Society Distinguishing Nobility Clergy CommonersCharles IV Fair Died Without Heir 1328 Under Rules Of Salic Law Crown Of France Could Not Pass Woman Nor Could Line Of Kingship Pass Through Female Line Accordingly Crown Passed Philip Of Valois Cousin Of Charles Rather Than Through Female Line Charles' Nephew Edward Who Would Soon Become Edward III Of England During Reign Of Philip Of Valois French Monarchy Reached Height Of Its Medieval Power Philip's Seat Throne Was Contested Edward III Of England 1337 Eve Of First Wave Of Black Death, England France Went War What Would Become Known Hundred Years' Warexact Boundaries Changed Greatly With Time But French Landholdings Of English Kings Remained Extensive Decades With Charismatic Leaders Such Joan Of Arc La Hire Strong French Counterattacks Won Back English Continental Territories Like Rest Of Europe France Was Struck Black Death Half Of 17 Million Population Of France DiedEarly Modern Period (15th Century–1789)

Main article Geography of Paris Main article List of museums Paris The main attractions outside city centre include. The Roman Catholic Basilique du Sacré-Cœur The average net household income (after social pension health insurance contributions) Paris was €36,085 2011ranged from €22,095 19th arrondissement €82,449 7th arrondissementmedian taxable income 2011 was around €25,000 Paris €22,200 Île-de-France Generally speaking incomes higher Western part of city western suburbs than northern eastern parts of urban area Unemployment was estimated 8.2 percent city of Paris 8.8 percent Île-de-France region first trimester of 2015 ranged from 7.6 percent wealthy Essonne department 13.1 percent Seine-Saint-Denis department where many recent immigrants liveWhile Paris has some of richest neighbourhoods France also has some of poorest mostly eastern side of city 2012 14 percent of households city earned less than €977 per month official poverty line Twenty-five percent of residents 19th arrondissement lived below poverty line 24 percent 18th 22 percent 20th 18 percent 10th city's wealthiest neighbourhood 7th arrondissement 7 percent lived below poverty line 8 percent 6th arrondissement 9 percent 16th arrondissementTourism. Marseille's main cultural attraction was since its creation end of 18th century until late 1970s Opéra Located near Old Port Canebière very heart of city its architectural style was comparable classical trend found other opera houses built same time Lyon Bordeaux 1919 fire almost completely destroyed house leaving only stone colonnade peristyle from original façadeclassical façade was restored opera house reconstructed predominantly Art Deco style result of major competition Currently Opéra de Marseille stages six or seven operas each yearSince 1972 Ballet national de Marseille has performed opera house its director from its foundation 1998 was Roland PetitPopular events festivals, Antiquity Ombrosa The lake Parc de la Tête d'or, Overview Lyon during Fête des Lumières. The lawns of Parc des Buttes-Chaumont sunny day, France has close association with Modern Olympic Games was French aristocrat Baron Pierre de Coubertin who suggested Games' revival end of 19th century After Athens was awarded first Games reference Olympics' Greek origins Paris hosted second Games 1900 Paris was first home of International Olympic Committee before moved Lausanne Since 1900 France has hosted Olympics 4 further occasions 1924 Summer Olympics again Paris three Winter Games (1924 Chamonix 1968 Grenoble 1992 Albertville)Similar Olympics France introduced Olympics deaf people (Deaflympics) 1924 with idea of French deaf car mechanic Eugène Rubens-Alcais who paved way organise inaugural edition of Summer Deaflympics ParisZinedine Zidane was named best European footballer of past 50 years 2004 UEFA pollBoth national football team national rugby union team nicknamed Les Bleus reference team's shirt colour well national French tricolour flag Football most popular sport France with over 1,800,000 registered players over 18,000 registered clubsfootball team among most successful world with two FIFA World Cup victories 1998 2018, one FIFA World Cup second place 2006, two UEFA European Championships 1984 2000The top national football club competition Ligue 1 France has produced some of greatest players world including three time FIFA World Player of Year Zinedine Zidane three time Ballon d'Or recipient Michel Platini record holder most goals scored World Cup Just Fontaine first football player receive Légion d'honneur Raymond Kopa record goalscorer French national team Thierry Henrysoccer match Stade de France 1998 FIFA World Cup, See also List of railway stations Paris Main article Geography of Paris. Fernand Braudel remarked Historians of Lyon not sufficiently aware of bi-polarity between Paris Lyon which constant structure French development...from late Middle Ages Industrial Revolution late 15th century fairs introduced Italian merchants made Lyon economic counting house of France Even Bourse (treasury) built 1749 resembled public bazaar where accounts were settled open air When international banking moved Genoa then Amsterdam Lyon remained banking centre of FranceDuring Renaissance city's development was driven silk trade which strengthened its ties Italy Italian influence Lyon's architecture still visible among historic buildings later 1400s 1500s Lyon was also key centre of literary activity book publishing both of French writers (such Maurice Scève Antoine Heroet Louise Labé) of Italians exile (such Luigi Alamanni Gian Giorgio Trissino)Lyon under siege 1793. Tour de France pelleton 9 July 2005 begin of ascend Cote de Bad Herrenalb, FranceNormandy Main article Administration of Paris The lawns of Parc des Buttes-Chaumont sunny day. Paris today has more than 421 municipal parks gardens covering more than 3,000 hectares containing more than 250,000 trees.[verification needed] Two of Paris's oldest most famous gardens Tuileries Garden created 1564 Tuileries Palace redone André Le Nôtre between 1664 1672, Luxembourg Garden Luxembourg Palace built Marie de' Medici 1612 which today houses French SenateJardin des Plantes was first botanical garden Paris created 1626 Louis XIII's doctor Guy de La Brosse cultivation of medicinal plantsBetween 1853 1870 Emperor Napoleon III city's first director of parks gardens Jean-Charles Alphand created Bois de Boulogne Bois de Vincennes Parc Montsouris Parc des Buttes-Chaumont located four points of compass around city well many smaller parks squares gardens Paris's quarters Since 1977 city has created 166 new parks most notably Parc de la Villette (1987) Parc André Citroën (1992) Parc de Bercy (1997) One of newest parks Promenade des Berges de la Seine (2013) built former highway Left Bank of Seine between Pont de l'Alma Musée d'Orsay has floating gardens gives view of city's landmarksCemeteries.